The 8^th edition of India International Science Festival (IISF2022), which will be organised from 21-24 January 2023, at Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology (MANIT), Bhopal, has an exclusive event titled ‘Startup Conclave’. The conclave would have a particular focus on the Biotech Innovation ecosystem championed by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) and the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), an Interface Agency, set up by the DBT. 

The conclave will showcase the outcomes of the largest funding schemes in the biotech sector, namely, the Biotech Ignition Grant (BIG) for entrepreneurs and startups and the BioNEST scheme for bio-incubation centres that have completed ten years and have made an immense contribution. 

The four major elements of the Conclave include an exhibition of innovative products and technologies by startups in various fields; exhibits by Incubators offering enabling services and shared infrastructure; focused discussions on startup challenges and opportunities; and guidance on availing enabling opportunities under Startup India mission.

Discussions and communications among the Startups during the event are expected to strengthen and empower the emerging startup ecosystem of India. The event would offer an opportunity to meet people who are part of the startup community in various forms, be it the innovators, the implementing authorities, or researchers supporting the innovations. The event would offer excellent opportunities to learn, understand, and engage with ‘science-led’ Startups and supporting enablers, especially the Incubation centres.

India has entered the Amrit Kaal, when, in the coming 25 years, it will be a nation having nearly 60% of its population young and active. Fostering the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship in our youth will help develop the Atmanirbhar Bharat. The young minds should be encouraged to look for affordable innovations to tackle a wide range of social issues. With effective diffusion of the innovations, startup products and services can be replicated in various places, promoting a holistic growth, especially for the rural regions. 

For startups and entrepreneurs, it is imperative to ensure the global competitiveness of their products and services. Union Minister of State Science & Technology and Ministry of Earth Sciences (Ind. Charges), Minister of State PMO, PP/DoPT, Atomic Energy, and Space, Dr. Jitendra Singh, while addressing the Centre-State Science Conclave, held at the Science City in Ahmedabad in September 2022, said, “Integration of research, startups, academia, and industry is no longer an option but a dire necessity to attract young innovators in the country, particularly in the states to come out with cutting-edge and globally competitive products and solutions.”

A platform like IISF will be the right place to learn tricks of the trade from the experts.

CREDIT: India Science Wire

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The development of the vaccine was supported by DBT and BIRAC under the aegis of Mission COVID Suraksha. DBT launched the mission, and BIRAC implemented it to reinforce and accelerate COVID-19 vaccine development efforts as part of the Aatmanirbhar 3.0 programme. This is the fourth success story for the COVID-19 vaccine under mission COVID Suraksha.

Named BBV154, it is an intranasal replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus SARS-CoV-2 vector vaccine. It consists of a replication-deficient ChAd vector expressing the stabilized Spike SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan variant).

DBT’s Autonomous Institute, National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi, utilized its Human Immune Monitoring and T-cell Immunoassay platform to examine the vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific systemic and mucosal cellular immune responses in the trial participants. Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Pune, completed the Plaque Reduction Neutralization Assay (PRNT) to quantify the titer of neutralizing antibodies for the virus from three trial sites.

Commenting on the development, Dr, Rajesh S Gokhale, Secretary, DBT, and Chairperson, BIRAC, said, “The Department, through Mission COVID Suraksha, is committed to the development of safe and efficacious COVID-19 vaccines. BBV154 COVID Vaccine is the first intranasal vaccine approved by DCGI for primary immunization against COVID-19 in the 18+ age group, for restricted use in an emergency situation. An excellent example of the Aatmanirbharta initiative of the Government of India. I congratulate our scientists for partnering with Bharat Biotech and providing scientific leadership throughout the development of the vaccine”. (India Science Wire)

ISW/SP/DBT/COVIDVACCINE/07/09/2022

Corona virus (credit: https://commons.wikimedia.org)

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Modern healthcare is highly dependent on use of medical devices. These are increasingly becoming essential for delivery of quality healthcare. Unfortunately, over 80% of our medical devices and systems are imported. It is widely believed that the Indian medical devices industry has an opportunity to leapfrog. More so, in the wake of Govt. recent imperatives and initiatives for ‘  ‘‘swadeshi’ technologies. No wonder, medical device development is an important part of the initiatives of several Govt. funding agencies including DST, BIRAC, MeitY, etc. However, the sponsored projects often end up as research articles for a journal and further development is quite often lacking. It is important to understand that not only the technology and the product scenario are dynamic but also the prototype-to-product journey is a challenging task. As a first step, understanding the market and its dynamics is very important. Some of the key features of the domain include : 

1. Research in this area needs multidisciplinary commitment 

As medical devices are meant to interface human bodies and need advanced electronics technologies so excellence is desirable in multiple domains. Knowledge and skills in electronics / IT, Biomedical engineering as well as detailed understanding of human anatomy/ physiology is essential for working in this area. Additionally mechanical / physical design / ergonomics and market knowledge is also very important. This can be achieved by proper collaborative approach only. It is important to understand that the medical professional has a key role to play in the whole process and most often they are unable to spare sufficient time.

2. Domination of imported products

The medical device market is dominated by imported products, which comprise around 80% of total sales. The domestic companies are largely involved in manufacturing low-end products for local and international market. Lately, many multinational companies have established local presence by acquiring established domestic companies or starting a new business. So, you are in a way competing with international products.

3. Lack of successful indigenous medical products: The irony

Research and development in the domain of medical devices is very challenging. While reaching proof of concept level may be a bit easy and interesting; but taking the product to final technology readiness levels (industry grade / marketable products) is rather difficult and tedious. To start with, as it is easy for researchers to relate with the human body, the subject is highly appealing. With some study and skills, conception and proof of concept also becomes feasible. However, the real problems start after this. A large number of projects and technologies end up as proof of concept or set of research publications. Testing at concept stage or prototype is difficult unless a suitable medical professional / department is involved in the process. Often public healthcare institutions are highly overburdened and so, clinical trials become very difficult. Further, in the absence of information on functional testing, performance evaluation and lack of facilities to undertake such activities, it becomes very difficult to demonstrate / evaluate the worth of the developed technology.

In spite of a very good number of medical device enthusiasts an equivalent translation to successful products is limited.

4. Medical device marketing is a tough nut to crack

Next, assuming a good product is developed, the medical device market is very dynamic and multi-dimensional. The medical device industry in India is presently valued at USD 5.2 Billion and is growing at 15.8% CAGR. Currently, India is counted among the top 20 global medical devices market and is the 4th largest medical devices market in Asia after Japan, China and South Korea and is poised to grow to USD 50 billion by 2025 as per some industry estimates. And so, a host of international companies and imported medical products dominate the markets. Proper aesthetics, performance and certifications play a very important role. Also, every practitioner wishes to buy only the best product (and not just any product) so the quality criteria is very important and the competition is fierce. So, there is a demand for people with a marketing background. 

Thus, in spite of a very good number of medical device enthusiasts an equivalent translation to successful products is limited. So, there is a need for engineers and researchers with practical (hands on work) and medical device market exposures.  The commitment and the ‘open-mind’ approach of the involved medical practitioners is essential for successful translation into products. To summarise, following considerations are suggested to developer/ researcher to reach a successful translation to medical device product: 

• Take the collaborative approach: Collaboration of a research and a translation organisation is a must. Preferably a medical department should also be associated from the beginning. Involvement of industry from beginning may be counterproductive (as it limits the scope to one or few establishments only. instead open calls inviting participation towards the end can be more effective).
• Involve market information at an early stage: It may be preferable to involve a suitable person (preferably an expert with MBA and M.Tech in related areas) at the time of evaluation and review stages. He may be able to give some suggestions.
• Consider challenges of prototype-to-product journey: The prototype-to-product journey is probably the most critical and one of the most difficult. So, the easiest answer to this is just do not try to do everything by yourself. Involve professional / experienced groups for the complexities. 
• Of course, last but not the least, do protect your IPR appropriately.

Happy journey to successful products.

Composed by: “Dr. Jaspal Singh is head of electronics group at CDAC, Mohali and has several projects to his credit.”

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Whatever fell beyond this boundary was probably not considered Ayurveda. In recent years, with newfound pride in its legacy, Ayurveda has regained its vitality to reclaim its rightful place.

In recent times, people seem to have regained interest in discovering different ways to stay  healthy for a long time into their old age. In sickness too, people often face a dilemma of choosing treatment from two available systems: modern or alternative. The former has built  its foundation on biomedical experiments and the latter has evolved from a lived human  experience of centuries. Alternative, which is also known as complementary medicine,  includes an array of systems ranging from scientific to folklore. It includes Yoga, acupuncture,  traditional Chinese medicine, and AYUSH. The AYUSH systems, which stands for Ayurveda,  Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy, have an established conceptual framework – proven and  unproven – about the working of the normal human body, etiology of diseases and their therapy.  

Ayurveda, a tradition of India for over 5000 years, reached its zenith around 100 BC by which its earliest stalwarts had created a cogent system, which had a logical strong foundation, a  well-constructed edifice, and a demarcated boundary. Whatever fell beyond this boundary  was probably not considered Ayurveda. The authors, Charka, Susruta, Vagabhat and others compiled experience, gained over previous centuries, in well-defined texts like Charka  Samhita, Susruta Samhita, Ashtang Hridaya and others. Their intuition, observations, logic, and ethics set high standards for the pursuit of knowledge, which guided this tradition for a  long time. 

The treatises of Susruta and Charaka were translated into Chinese language in the 5th century  and into Arabic and Persian languages in the 8th century. The Arabic translation reached Europe  by the 12th century. The British showed some interest in Ayurvedic systems but after 1835, with  the passage of the English Education Act, they discouraged Ayurvedic and other native  systems and gave preference to practice of western medicine. For the past many centuries, the  system was not able to maintain original vigor and the knowledge withered or remained static.  

In recent years, with newfound pride in its legacy, Ayurveda has regained its vitality to  reclaim its rightful place. Many institutions have been working on different paths to reach a  common goal: seek the truth in ancient knowledge, preserve what is known and unravel the  unknown. After centuries of dormancy, multiple paths are reasserting the relevance of  Ayurveda. 

The path of the purists and preservationists:

The purists believe in the divine wisdom of  Ayurveda, which originated from Brahma who passed it to Prajapati who in turn handed it to  Atreya and so on. Among the Vedas, it is Atharva Veda, which describes diseases and therapy in a systemic manner, though there are references to diseases in the earlier Rig Veda. The purists follow the Ashtang (eight-fold) system of Vagabhat, which includes Kaya Chikitsa  (Internal medicine), Shalakya Tantra (Head, Eye and ENT), Shalya Tantra (Surgery), Agada  Tantra (Toxicology), Bhuta Vidya (Psychiatry), Kaumara Bhritya (Pediatrics), Rasayana  (Antiageing therapeutics) and Vajikarna (Fertility, aphrodisiacs). The classic practitioners  follow the ancient practices in letter and spirit, which they consider perfect and need no  modification.

Traditional practice:

The followers of this path are Ayurvedic doctors who get training from  government accredited Ayurvedic medical colleges. Their training includes curriculum like 

1. anatomy, physiology, and microbiology, which later culminates in learning Ayurvedic texts  from ancient masters like Vagabhat. They use traditional Ayurvedic methods and biochemical  tests and radiology to arrive at a diagnosis. Many traditional practitioners have no  compunction in using western medicines to treat their patients even if they are forbidden. 

Commercial:

In recent times people from all societies seem to have rediscovered the benefits  of plants and herbs in health and disease. Two reliable market reports estimate that the herbal  market size of the world could reach between 168 billion USD and 428 billion USD by 2026.  WHO estimates that approximately 3.5 billion people in developing countries use plant-based medicines. At present, half the medicines in the market have natural origin. 

Profit drives the followers of this path. The marketing campaigns make generous use of well meaning words like organic, natural, herbal, antioxidant, detox. Market compulsions lead to  claims that these products promote health, wellness, strength, cure diseases and are harmless  without side effects. Such claims may not be Illegal but are often unsubstantiated.  

Currently, India has a small share of the world market, partly because of poor R&D and  quality standards. For international acceptance, recourse to clever marketing is essential but  not sufficient. Integration with international markets would be possible if Ayurveda pursues  intellectually honest research through established scientific methods to establish its veracity. The seekers of truth in ancient times used analytic methods available then and in modern  times we should not be reluctant to use the tools of science available now. The integrated  R&D could extend to manufacturing to match international quality. This could yield  enormous economic benefits.

Public health:

Ayurveda has inherent strength in its philosophy to contribute vastly to public  health. Unfortunately, this strength remains underutilized. An Ayurvedic public health  system, with its holistic approach, could lead common folks to a healthier lifestyle. With its  development and investment, an effective Ayurvedic health system could lead many public  health functions: prevention of the preventable diseases, improving nutrition, promotion of  physical activity, Yoga, mental health, and rehabilitation of the disabled. A dedicated public  health system based on Ayurvedic principles will go a long way to reduce disease burden.

Advocacy:

Activists and believers have pursued this path to persuade the government to  become enablers of an AYUSH eco-system. Their efforts have succeeded in opening new  organizational structures, institutions, and funding for various avenues of growth. More needs  to be done in basic research, standardization of therapy, patent laws, consumer protection and  integrated education.

Integrative medicine:

Healthcare will flourish when we harmonize the biomedical system  with Ayurveda; for too long these two have been running on parallel and often antagonistic  tracks. It helps vested interests to keep the two systems in conflict; it is time to find synergies  between them. The results of such merger should be quantifiable, replicable, and verifiable.  Making the impact quantifiable avoids inscrutable jargon which is a part of intuitive claims. Two myths prevail about Ayurveda. One held by biomedical doctors, who decry Ayurveda as  quackery and the second perpetuated by Ayurvedic practitioners that their treatment has no  bad side effects. Both are wrong. Here are two true stories from real life to counter both myths. 

A close friend had severe vertigo; his head would swirl unless he lied down immobile. These  episodes affected his personal and professional life. He spent a few years in treatment from  many modern medicine doctors including one at a reputed academic center but got no relief.  Out of desperation, he went to a prominent Ayurvedic clinic and under their therapy he got  considerable relief.  

In contrast, another friend was treated by an Ayurvedic doctor for abdominal pain, which  worsened despite the caring diligence of the doctor. After many months, when she switched to  a modern medicine doctor, it was too late. She succumbed to her disease and died soon after,  partly due to her disease and partly due to toxicity of the herbal drugs. The implication of these stories is that modern medicine should discard its smug superiority  and Ayurveda should shed off its halo of holiness. None of them can claim to be a panacea.  

Doctors already in practice could be offered courses both in Ayurveda and modern medicine to enhance their skills.

Integration of the two systems could happen in the medical college or later at practitioner  level. Students enrolled in modern medical colleges could take a course in Ayurveda; those  who want to specialize could be offered advanced courses following MBBS. Doctors already in  practice could be offered courses both in Ayurveda and modern medicine to enhance their  skills. Over the long run, the two-track medical education of Ayurveda and modern  biomedical medicine could be integrated into a single track; synthesis of the two systems  could evolve into a modern Indian system for healthcare delivery. The consumer would  benefit if she were not faced with the dilemma of choice.

Biomedical model:

Last two centuries have seen marked advances in understanding health  and disease by studying the human body as a biological machine. Investigators of the biomedical  model have developed a molecular basis of understanding the normal and abnormal  functions of the human body in health and disease. New diagnostic technology has evolved in  tandem to understand what was mysterious before. Therapeutic knowledge has exploded in  this field of biomedical models so that humans now live longer and healthier than even before  in history.  

There are groups of investigators, who are diligently using modern tools to unravel the  ancient knowledge. Some excellent work has been published in scientific journals and can be  searched in medical knowledge data banks like PubMed and others. To globalize the  knowledge and products of Ayurveda, we should meet international standards of research and product approval. The current gold standard is publication is a high impact peer reviewed  journal and approval from the FDA, USA. A serious inquiry into the ancient may reveal  kernels of truth and some fallacies. We should be bold to discard the fallacies and welcome  the truth. 

Like many others in this field, our group, Atrimed (Named after sage Atreya, teacher of  Charaka and Susruta) has also been working on an integrated Ayurvedic-biomedical model. Since 2003 we have been investigating the molecular basis of ancient therapeutics. We  believe that plants, which have evolved for over 2 billion years, can inspire new drug discovery. Plants are factories of nature. Phytochemicals and secondary metabolites can lead to new  bioactive compounds. 

In the last two decades, Atrimed group has diligently built a library of all previously published  Phyto-molecules and established a repository of real extracts from plants mentioned in  Ayurveda. Atrimed also experimented in preserving endangered plant species in tissue  culture. The virtual and real library could possibly be one be the largest in the world.

Such research necessitates the use of trans disciplinary teams to use technology from many  labs. Some examples are recombinant technology to produce target protein; molecular  biology to study biological reactions; tissue culture to study the effect of investigational  molecules on living cells. Atrimed uses computational chemistry and a docking software to  study these phytochemicals and has developed a software to predict absorption, distribution,  metabolism, excretion, and toxicity. To understand the therapeutic value of nutrition we are  developing software to see the effect of food at molecular level, which may help in  understanding the poly-pharmacology of various Ayurvedic drugs. Atrimed has also succeeded in developing plant molecules with verifiable anti-viral activity both in lab and clinical setting. 

Atrimed has collaborated with many reputed institutions. Some of them are Rajiv Gandhi  Institute of Technology, Bangalore Bio-innovations Center, Rastriya Vidyalaya College of  Engineering, Nitte center for animal studies, Nitte Gulabi Shetty Memorial Institute of  Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of sciences Bhubaneshwar, Regional Center of  Biotechnology Faridabad. Our company Atrimed has been awarded by Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC) and recognized by many government and  private organizations. 

The work of the Atrimed group has led to development of over one hundred effective products,  which meet international standards of safety. Some products have been retested for safety in  European labs to ensure they are free from toxic metals and pesticides. Manufactured in C GMP or FDA approved facilities, some of the products have been registered with FDA. As a  result of high-quality work, Atrimed products are selling in India and many countries abroad. 

Regulators and consumers:

The recent Ayurvedic resurgence forms but a minuscule part of  the health and wellness universe. The private and public initiatives can expand only if  enabled by the government and accepted by the global consumer. From the regulatory  authorities in becoming enablers to people becoming informed consumers, all intermediary  stake holders need to participate in rejuvenating this tradition. The regulators could help evolve the market with a multi-pronged initiative, which would  include new laws for intellectual property, new integrated medical training, funding of  original research and controlling fake claims in marketing. 

The growth of Ayurveda also requires an informed consumer who is equipped to utilize Ayurvedic or modern medicine. As many diseases are self-limiting, either one may suffice but  the decision is critical when the disease demands an expert’s help for recovery. Ideally, the  treating physician would keep the patient’s best interest foremost and guide her towards the  best available treatment. But it gets muddled due to financial incentive the physician gets by  providing treatment. In both modern and AYUSH systems, the practitioners range from  altruistic to commercial, from competent to charlatans. Perhaps the ethics of ancient  physicians are as important as modern technology. Ethical partitioners and empowered  consumers probably provide are the best guardians for reinvigorating Ayurveda.  

In our euphoria of novel discoveries, the ancient wisdom has been,  unfortunately, relegated to an inferior status because of perceived low utility. But discarding  ancient wisdom of our inheritance may be inimical to achieve the target of a healthier and happier human life. The rejuvenation of Ayurveda needs a new impetus, which integrates the  traditional intuitive method with the analytical reductionist method of western science. The  tradition of Ayurveda deserves neither derision nor worship; it needs honest investigation to  establish its validity globally.

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