डॉ. वी. मोहन

“डॉ. वी. मोहन भारत के प्रमुख चिकित्सक/वैज्ञानिकों में से एक हैं और उनकी विशेषज्ञता का क्षेत्र डायबिटोलॉजी (मधुमेह विज्ञान) है। वे भारत भर में 50 डायबिटीज़ सेंटर्स की एक श्रृंखला का संचालन करते हैं और सैकड़ों डायबिटोलॉजिस्ट्स एवं डायबिटीज़ एजुकेटर्स को प्रशिक्षित कर चुके हैं।
मुख्य संपादक डॉ. वी.के. सिंह ने उनसे मधुमेह की उत्पत्ति और इसके उपचार की आगे की दिशा पर विशेष बातचीत की।”

प्रश्न: टाइप 2 डायबिटीज़ (T2D) धीरे-धीरे पूरी दुनिया में अपनी सर्वव्यापकता दिखा रही है। वर्तमान समय में, विशेषकर भारत में, डायबिटीज़ के बढ़ते प्रसार के मूल कारण क्या हैं?
उत्तर: विश्वभर में डायबिटीज़ का बोझ लगातार बढ़ता जा रहा है। IDF Atlas 2021 के अनुसार 20–79 वर्ष की आयु वर्ग में दुनिया में 537 मिलियन लोग डायबिटीज़ से पीड़ित हैं और 2045 तक इसमें 46% की वृद्धि होने की संभावना है। भारत पहले से ही चीन के बाद दूसरे स्थान पर है, जहाँ लगभग 74 मिलियन लोग डायबिटीज़ से प्रभावित हैं।
मोटापे की बढ़ती दरों के साथ डायबिटीज़ का प्रचलन भारत में और बढ़ने की संभावना है। पहले यह शहरी संपन्न वर्ग और वृद्ध लोगों की बीमारी मानी जाती थी, लेकिन आज यह मध्यम वर्ग, निम्न सामाजिक-आर्थिक वर्ग और यहाँ तक कि गाँवों और गरीब तबके में भी फैल चुकी है।
डायबिटीज़ अक्सर अनियंत्रित रहती है क्योंकि लोग आहार में लापरवाही बरतते हैं या पर्याप्त व्यायाम नहीं करते। भारत में भोजन का लगभग 65–75% हिस्सा कार्बोहाइड्रेट से आता है, और अधिकतर परिष्कृत कार्बोहाइड्रेट जैसे कि पॉलिश किया हुआ सफेद चावल और मैदा आधारित गेहूँ। यह जल्दी ग्लूकोज़ में बदलकर शुगर स्तर बढ़ा देते हैं। व्यायाम की कमी, नींद की कमी, तनाव और दवाओं का नियमित सेवन न करना भी मुख्य कारण हैं। ये सभी कारक नियंत्रण योग्य हैं।

प्रश्न: T2D के इलाज के क्षेत्र में हाल ही में क्या प्रगति हुई है?
उत्तर: हाल के वर्षों में नई तकनीकों और शोध ने डायबिटीज़ प्रबंधन को बदल दिया है। इंसुलिन की खोज टाइप 1 डायबिटीज़ के इलाज में एक क्रांतिकारी मोड़ थी। अब, नई मोबाइल एप्स जो आहार, व्यायाम और उपचार में सूचित निर्णय लेने में मदद करती हैं, शुरुआती चरणों में टाइप 2 डायबिटीज़ को नियंत्रित करने और यहां तक कि रिवर्स करने में सहायक हैं।
टाइप 2 डायबिटीज़ को विभिन्न उपप्रकारों में वर्गीकृत करना और “प्रिसीजन डायबिटीज़” के सिद्धांत लागू करना अब संभव हो गया है। इससे सही वर्गीकरण करके मरीज के लिए उपयुक्त दवा और उपचार चुनना आसान हो जाता है।

प्रश्न: “आज का शोध, कल की प्रैक्टिस है”—आपके इस कथन के अनुसार, आपने किस तरह इस क्षेत्र में योगदान दिया है?
उत्तर: उदाहरण के लिए, आज जिन नई दवाओं पर क्लीनिकल ट्रायल किए जाते हैं, वे भविष्य में उपचार में शामिल हो जाती हैं। जब हम आहार, व्यायाम, योग आदि पर आधारित रोकथाम संबंधी रैंडमाइज्ड क्लीनिकल ट्रायल्स करते हैं, तो हमें वैज्ञानिक प्रमाण मिलते हैं जिन्हें बाद में राष्ट्रीय और अंतर्राष्ट्रीय डायबिटीज़ गाइडलाइंस में शामिल किया जाता है। इस प्रकार, सतत शोध करना आवश्यक है ताकि नई उपचार विधियाँ विकसित हों और लोगों की जीवन गुणवत्ता बेहतर हो।

प्रश्न: क्या स्वास्थ्य सेवाओं में आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस (AI) का डायबिटीज़ प्रबंधन में कोई योगदान है?
उत्तर: हाँ, एआई का व्यापक उपयोग हो रहा है। उदाहरण के लिए:

• डायबिटिक रेटिनोपैथी: एआई-आधारित कैमरे रेटिना की तस्वीर लेकर तुरंत बताते हैं कि मरीज को रेटिनोपैथी है या नहीं, और उसकी गंभीरता क्या है।
• कंटीन्यूअस ग्लूकोज़ मॉनिटरिंग (CGM): यह तकनीक बिना दर्द के लगातार शुगर स्तर मापती है। Free Style Libre जैसे उपकरण 14 दिनों तक लगातार डेटा लेकर डॉक्टर को रिपोर्ट भेज सकते हैं, जिससे दवाओं और खुराक में सटीक बदलाव किया जा सकता है।

प्रश्न: क्या आहार का चयन डायबिटीज़ नियंत्रण में भूमिका निभाता है?
उत्तर: आहार हमेशा से विवादास्पद विषय रहा है और बदलना कठिन है। कोई “सर्वश्रेष्ठ आहार” नहीं है, लेकिन यह निश्चित है कि अतिरिक्त कैलोरी, विशेषकर कार्बोहाइड्रेट से, मोटापा और T2D बढ़ता है।
रोकथाम के लिए—

• कार्बोहाइड्रेट कम करें और पौध-आधारित प्रोटीन जैसे चना, मूँग, उड़द, सोया, मशरूम, दूध, अंडे शामिल करें।
• स्वस्थ वसा (मोनो-अनसेचुरेटेड फैट्स) जैसे मूँगफली का तेल, सरसों का तेल, तिल का तेल और नट्स/सीड्स लें।
• हरी सब्ज़ियाँ और सलाद का सेवन बढ़ाएँ।

हमारे अध्ययनों से सिद्ध हुआ है कि प्री-डायबिटीज़ वाले व्यक्तियों में आहार परिवर्तन और हल्का व्यायाम करके 35% तक डायबिटीज़ को रोका जा सकता है।

प्रश्न: क्या T2D का मरीज इसे उलट सकता है?
उत्तर: “रिवर्सल” शब्द का अर्थ स्थायी इलाज है, जबकि डायबिटीज़ में यह संभव नहीं। हम “रीमिशन” शब्द का प्रयोग करते हैं—अर्थात् अभी शुगर सामान्य है लेकिन यह फिर लौट सकती है।
रीमिशन की संभावना इन लोगों में अधिक है:

• जिनकी बीमारी 10 साल से कम पुरानी है।
• जिनका इंसुलिन रिज़र्व पर्याप्त है (C-Peptide स्तर से पता चलता है)।
• मोटे लोग जो पर्याप्त वजन घटा सकते हैं।
• अत्यधिक प्रेरित लोग।

हमारे शोध ने दिखाया है कि बहुत गंभीर डायबिटीज़ वाले मरीज (HbA1c >10%) अगर एक माह तक इंसुलिन लें, तो वे बाद में दवाएँ छोड़कर भी रीमिशन में जा सकते हैं।

प्रश्न: डिजिटल हेल्थ का T2D प्रबंधन में क्या महत्व है?
उत्तर: डिजिटल हेल्थ अब बहुत बड़ी भूमिका निभा रहा है:

• डायबिटीज़ ऐप्स और टेलीमेडिसिन से दूरदराज़ के मरीज भी इलाज पा सकते हैं।
• CGM सेंसर लगातार शुगर स्तर बताते हैं और सुई चुभाने की ज़रूरत कम हो जाती है।
• रेटिनल कैमरे अब भारत में सस्ते मिल रहे हैं।
• हमने Dr. Mohan’s Digital Diabetes Revolution की शुरुआत की है, जिसमें 3D पहल शामिल है:
• DIA – एआई आधारित चैटबॉट,
• DIALA – मरीज-हितैषी मोबाइल ऐप,
• DIANA – प्रिसीजन डायबिटीज़ केयर के लिए हेल्थकेयर एप्लिकेशन।

प्रश्न: युवा चिकित्सकों को रिसर्च क्यों करनी चाहिए?
उत्तर: रिसर्च करने से चिकित्सक सक्रिय और अद्यतन रहते हैं। यह दुर्लभ मामलों को प्रकाशित करने और भारत-विशिष्ट समस्याओं पर काम करने का अवसर देता है। शोध किए बिना चिकित्सक जल्दी पुराना हो सकता है। इसलिए चाहे छोटा ही क्यों न हो, वैज्ञानिक योगदान ज़रूरी है।

प्रश्न: आपको रोज़ाना सीमाएँ पार करने के लिए क्या प्रेरित करता है?
उत्तर: मुझे चिकित्सा शिक्षा के आरंभ से ही शोध का वातावरण मिला और मेरे पिता, प्रोफेसर एम. विश्वनाथन से मार्गदर्शन प्राप्त हुआ। आज भी Madras Diabetes Research Foundation की टीम के सहयोग से हम नए क्षेत्रों में काम कर पाते हैं।

प्रश्न: भारत को मेडिकल रिसर्च में अग्रणी बनने के लिए क्या करना चाहिए?
उत्तर: वर्तमान में बहुत कम भारतीय डॉक्टर वैश्विक स्तर पर योगदान दे रहे हैं। अधिक लोगों को रिसर्च में शामिल करने के लिए—

• मेडिकल शिक्षा के दौरान ही शोध की शुरुआत करनी चाहिए।
• शोध अनुदान और आर्थिक प्रोत्साहन दिए जाएँ।
• शोध पद्धति (research methodology) पर पाठ्यक्रम हों।
• प्रमोशन और प्रोत्साहन से डॉक्टरों को शोध के लिए प्रेरित किया जाए।

प्रश्न: नीति-निर्माताओं को भारत में डायबिटीज़ की रोकथाम हेतु क्या सलाह देंगे?
उत्तर: अधिकांश नॉन-कम्युनिकेबल डिज़ीज़ (NCDs) छह जोखिम कारकों से जुड़ी हैं—अनुचित आहार, शारीरिक निष्क्रियता, धूम्रपान, शराब/नशा, प्रदूषण और तनाव।
नीतियाँ इन बिंदुओं पर केंद्रित हों:

• सब्ज़ियाँ और फल सस्ते और आसानी से उपलब्ध कराना।
• शहरों में व्यायाम और पैदल चलने के लिए सुरक्षित स्थान और हरियाली बढ़ाना।
• योग, प्राणायाम को बढ़ावा देना।
• शुरुआती स्क्रीनिंग और जन-जागरूकता कार्यक्रम चलाना।

NCD अब केवल शहरी या अमीर वर्ग की बीमारी नहीं रही, बल्कि ग्रामीण और गरीब तबके तक फैल चुकी है। इसे युद्ध स्तर पर रोकने की ज़रूरत है।

प्रश्न: पाठकों के लिए आपका संदेश?
उत्तर: 30 वर्ष से ऊपर हर व्यक्ति को वार्षिक स्वास्थ्य जाँच में NCD स्क्रीनिंग करानी चाहिए। इसमें शामिल हों—

• ग्लूकोज़ स्तर,
• लिपिड प्रोफ़ाइल,
• रक्तचाप,
• हृदय रोग की जाँच,
• डिप्रेशन और कैंसर (स्तन, गर्भाशय ग्रीवा, मौखिक कैंसर) की बेसिक स्क्रीनिंग।

अल्ट्रासाउंड और संपूर्ण क्लिनिकल परीक्षण से कई मौन बीमारियाँ समय पर पकड़ी जा सकती हैं।

The post डायबेटोलॉजी और इसके उपचार के अवसर appeared first on InnoHEALTH magazine.

Intermittent fasting (IF) means intervals of restricted food intake for prolonged periods of time. There are different methods of IF with different consequences on health. IF has emerged as an alternative dietary intervention to calorie restriction. IF has analogous benefits in reducing the body weight, improving glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles, and also has added anti-inflammatory effects. Potential mechanisms of IF are reducing oxidative stress, collaborating with the circadian system and inducing ketogenesis. Let us know in detail some of the facts and tips related to IF……….

1. What are the different ways of practicing intermittent fasting?
The following are the various ways of doing IF:

A. 12 hours fasting per day: It involves a 12 hours fasting window every day (Example: 7.00 pm to 7.00 am fasting).

B. 16 hours fasting (Time restricted fasting/16:8 diet): This is the most popular method. It involves abstinence from eating for a 16 hour period and consuming food in the remaining 8 hours (Example: Finish dinner by 8.00 pm, skip breakfast the next day and don’t eat till noon). In this method, upto 16 hours of fasting can be done by males and 14 hours of fasting by females. Those who are not benefited from the 12 hours fasting method can choose this method.
The various advantages of this method are:
i. It is more effective than calorie restriction for weight loss and glycemic control in Type II diabetes mellitus.
ii. Reduces body weight, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, interleukin-6 and TNF-alpha in prediabetics.
iii. This method is feasible for older adults.
iv. It improves sleep.

C. Fasting two days a week (Periodic fasting/ 5:2 diet): In this method, one can consume optimal quantity of healthy food for 5 days and on two non-consecutive days, the person can consume around 500-700 calories of 25 % of regular daily caloric intake.

The advantages of this method are:

i. Safe in Type II diabetes mellitus.

ii. Corrects hypertension.

iii. Helps to decrease weight and HbA1C levels

iv. Decreases visceral fat, insulin resistance, liver steatosis and inflammatory markers. 

D. 24-hour fast per week (Eat-Stop-Eat diet): In this method, fasting is done for 1 or 2 days strictly per week. During the fasting days, no food is consumed for 24 hours. However, the person on fasting can consume water, tea or other calorie-free fluids. These people can resume back to routine eating habits on the non-fasting days. This method reduces the overall calorie intake but does not limit the particular foods that the individual consumes.

E. Alternate day fasting method: Fasting is done on every alternate day. The calorie intake should be only 25% of the normal daily calorie consumption on fasting days. On other days, the person can consume the routine diet. This method is good for weight loss without any increased risk of developing eating disorders. However, it is an extreme form of IF and may not be acceptable for beginners or those with certain medical conditions. It is also difficult to maintain this type of fasting for a longer term.

F. Warrior diet: It is a relatively extreme form of IF. Only a few servings of raw fruits and vegetables are consumed during the 20 hours fasting window period. This is usually followed by a large meal at night. The eating window is only 4 hours and the diet includes plenty of vegetables, proteins, healthy fats and carbohydrates. This method is good only for people who have already tried other methods of IF. 

2. Which is the best option for beginners?
12 hours fasting a day is a good option for beginners as it has various advantages such as:
i. Fasting window is less.
ii. Fasting happens mostly during sleep.
iii. Same number of calories can be consumed every day.

3. What is the IF menu?

The IF menu includes a mixture of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, nuts and seeds, proteins (meat and seafood).

• Vegetables: Carrots, broccoli, cauliflower, beets, onions, garlic, lettuce, bell peppers, eggplant, potatoes, spinach, sweet potatoes, kale, green beans, cucumber.
• Fruits: Apples, apricots, blueberries, blackberries, raspberries, cherries, bananas, grapes, peaches, pears, pineapples, plums, kiwi, oranges, watermelon, honeydew melon, lime and lemon.

• Whole grains: Rice, oats, corn
• Nuts and seeds: Almonds, cashews, pistachios, walnuts, pine nuts, chia seeds, flax seeds, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, hemp seeds.
• Protein:
• Meats: Chicken, pork, beef, eggs, turkey

• Seafoods: Shrimp, tuna, salmon, crab, sardines, scallops, tilapia
• Fluids: Water, herbal tea, moderate amounts of black tea or coffee.

4. What are the possible advantages of IF on health?

• IF improves cardiovascular health by reducing obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes.
• Weight reduction helps in lowering obesity-related diseases such as sleep apnea, diabetes and cancer.
• IF is very effective for reducing inflammation and conditions associated with inflammation such as Alzheimer’s disease, arthritis, asthma, multiple sclerosis and stroke.
• Enhancement of chemotherapy effects.
• Tumor suppression
• Mood disorders improvement
• Chronic pain improvement

5. What are the potential risks and side effects of IF on health?

IF may cause weakness, hunger, dehydration, headaches, difficulty in concentrating, low blood pressure, fatigue, irritability, nausea, hypoglycemia, constipation, insomnia or alteration in sleep quality, undernutrition, loss of fat free mass, hyperphagia (post fasting).

6. Who should not practice IF?

• Elderly frail people
• Underweight people
• Those under 18 years of age
• Pregnant and breastfeeding women
• Type I diabetes people who are on insulin
• Those with eating disorders
• Those with kidney, liver, heart diseases
• Those with immunodeficiency

7. What are the tips to stick to an IF plan?

       The following tips help people to stick to an IF plan:

• Resting and relaxing: Strenuous activities should be avoided on fasting days. Light exercise like yoga may be beneficial.
• Stay hydrated: Make sure to drink plenty of water or other calorie-free drinks. This helps to ensure that the body gets enough electrolytes.
• Avoid thinking about food: On the fasting days, avoid thinking about food and plan plenty of distractions such as going out for a movie or keeping yourself busy with office work or house chores.
• Choose nutrient-rich foods after the fasting period: Eat foods rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber and other nutrients to keep the blood sugar levels steady and prevent nutritional deficiencies.
• Increase the taste without the calories: Season the meals liberally so that the foods are low in calories yet full of flavor. This helps to reduce feelings of hunger.

 Author’s biography

Dr. Shubha. H.V is the Associate professor,Department of pathology,Sapthagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore.

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The term “superfood” itself suggests that these foods are densely packed with essential nutrients like vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and more. In the contemporary era, integrating superfoods into our meals not only promotes overall well-being but also strengthens our immunity, safeguarding against sedentary lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, heart conditions, obesity, and hypertension, among others. Antioxidants, abundant in superfoods, play a pivotal role in this regard.

Indian cuisine boasts a treasure trove of superfoods, many of which are both economical and easy to find. Here are some pocket-friendly options that can be seamlessly incorporated into our daily diet:

• Bananas: Rich in potassium, protein, and manganese, bananas are highly nutritious and contribute to digestive and heart health.
• Ghee: Abundant in omega-3 fatty acids and vitamins A, E, and K, ghee aids in fat metabolism, reduces gut inflammation, and supports heart health.
• Coconut Oil: With its medium-chain fatty acids, coconut oil aids in weight loss and serves as a source of antioxidants, facilitating the fat-burning process.
• Curd: A source of beneficial bacteria, curd improves gut health, lowers cholesterol levels, and reduces hypertension risk.
• Lentils: High in protein and iron, lentils offer health-promoting polyphenols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, aiding metabolism, diabetes management, and blood pressure regulation.
• Chickpeas: Packed with protein, fiber, and complex carbohydrates, chickpeas are cholesterol-free and rich in vitamins and micronutrients, acting as antioxidants and lowering heart disease risk.
• Turmeric: Known for its curcumin compound, turmeric possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and weight-loss properties.
• Sweet Potato: A source of complex carbohydrates, fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins, sweet potatoes boast anticancer properties and support immune function.
• Eggs: Rich in proteins, fats, vitamins, and antioxidants like lutein and zeaxanthin, eggs raise HDL cholesterol levels, reducing the risk of heart disease and stroke.
• Spinach: Loaded with vitamins, calcium, and phytochemicals, spinach aids in weight loss and protects eye health.
• Beetroot: Rich in antioxidants, iron, and vitamins, beetroot enhances skin health and reduces chronic disease risk.
• Amla: Amla berries offer vitamin C, calcium, and iron, along with antioxidants that lower the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
• Garlic: With anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties, garlic aids in lowering blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
• Onions: Rich in calcium, potassium, and vitamin C, onions reduce cancer risk and act as antioxidants.
• Curry Leaves: Abundant in iron, vitamins A and B, and antioxidants, curry leaves boost digestion, eye health, and hair health.
• Black Pepper: With proteins, fiber, and minerals, black pepper’s piperine content provides antioxidant benefits, aids digestion, and reduces bad cholesterol.
• Sunflower Seeds: Supplying healthy fats, iron, and vitamin E, sunflower seeds may lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.
• Pumpkin Seeds: Rich in nutrients like healthy fats, protein, and antioxidants, pumpkin seeds reduce cancer risk and support heart health.
• Sesame Seeds: A source of essential nutrients like copper, iron, and fiber, sesame seeds combat diseases like diabetes and heart disease with their antioxidant content.
• Sabja Seeds: Rich in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, sabja seeds promote cardiovascular health and reduce inflammation.
• Sattu: High in protein, sattu acts as a coolant, boosts metabolism, and provides energy without excess calories.
• Walnuts: Offering omega-3 fatty acids, fiber, and antioxidants, walnuts reduce heart disease and cancer risk while improving brain function.
• Almonds: Packed with vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, almonds support brain health and provide essential nutrients.
• Corn: Aids in lowering chronic illness risk, aiding digestion, and maintaining body weight due to its insoluble fiber content.
• Moringa: Rich in nutrients like iron, potassium, and vitamins A, C, and E, moringa stimulates hair growth, boosts immunity, and aids digestion.
• Makhana (Fox Nuts): Low in calories and saturated fat but rich in magnesium, potassium, and calcium, makhana stabilizes blood sugar levels and aids weight loss.
• Dalia/Bulgur Wheat: A whole grain with complex carbohydrates, protein, and fiber, dalia manages diabetes and supports overall health.
• Groundnuts: Combining healthy fats, protein, and fiber, groundnuts curb appetite, lower heart disease risk, and regulate blood glucose levels.
• Papaya: With high levels of antioxidants like vitamins A, C, and E, papaya reduces the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and cancer.
• Jackfruit: Offering fiber, protein, vitamins, and potassium, jackfruit aids weight management, promotes healthy skin, and maintains heart health.
• Raisins: Rich in antioxidants, raisins support cardiovascular function, oral health, and gut health as prebiotics.
• Lemon: Abundant in vitamin C, lemons protect cells, aid collagen production, enhance iron absorption, and support the immune system.

Superfoods offer numerous benefits when integrated into a balanced diet, promoting heart health, weight loss, improved energy levels, and combating aging effects. However, it’s essential to maintain variety and balance in one’s superfood choices, including berries, nuts, green leafy vegetables, lean protein, whole grains, and legumes while monitoring intake of salt, unhealthy fats, and refined sugars.

A healthy diet complemented by regular exercise yields remarkable results. While superfoods offer unique health benefits, it’s crucial to avoid relying solely on them, as this may lead to nutritional imbalances. Additionally, some superfoods may be costly, posing a challenge for individuals on tight budgets. Opting for locally available and economical superfoods ensures accessibility and affordability for all.

In conclusion, Indian cuisine offers simple, pocket-friendly superfoods that serve as effective home remedies for managing various disorders and diseases. By incorporating these nutrient-rich foods into our daily meals, we can embark on a journey towards better health and well-being.

Author’s biography

My name is Seema MK. After Completing my Master of Science in Biotechnology, I have experience of working as a Research Assistant for three and half years. After that I changed my domain to Market Research. I have worked as Quality Analyst for four and half years at Unilog Content Solutions Private Limited. Presently I have been working as a Senior Analyst at D2L Pharma Research Solutions. It’s Work from Home since the time of COVID because of which I have been able to manage my Kid with office work. Wanted to try something new so thought of writing an article for your Magazine.

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Gout and diabetes are debilitating conditions that cause severe repercussions if left untreated. Gout is a form of arthritis caused by a build-up of uric acid in the body, while type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition characterised by high blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is caused by your body’s inability to use insulin to regulate blood sugar levels properly. Gout typically causes sudden, severe pain and swelling in joints, especially in the feet or lower legs.

But is there a connection between gout and diabetes?

The Link Between Gout and Diabetes

A 2016 study published in the PMC indicated that women with gout had 71% more chances of developing type 2 diabetes, while only 22% of men with gout had an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Allopurinol, a common gout treatment, has shown promise in lowering heart muscle thickening and is currently being tested as a potential drug to lower the risk of diabetic nephropathy (kidney disease).

Although diabetes and gout are two significantly different health conditions, they share a close relationship where insulin resistance plays a key role. Insulin resistance occurs when your body cells don’t respond to the hormone insulin, preventing glucose from entering them. As a result, the pancreas produces more and more insulin in an attempt to keep blood sugar levels within a normal range. Over time, this can lead to high levels of circulating insulin in the bloodstream.

How Insulin Resistance Is Related to both Gout & Diabetes?

• Diabetes and Insulin Resistance: When your body cannot produce enough insulin or use the insulin created, your blood sugar level rises, leading to diabetes. Insulin resistance can cause your blood sugar levels to rise, which might lead to diabetes.
• Gout and Insulin Resistance: You can develop gout with the excess build-up of uric acid in your body. A study in 2016 showed that uric acid build-up could worsen your insulin resistance, leading to diabetes.

What are the Risk Factors for Gout and Diabetes?

Some of the common things that can affect your diabetes and gout are:

• Obesity: Excess body fat might increase your risk of gout and diabetes
• Too much alcohol: If you exceed the intake of alcohol levels, it might affect the production of insulin in your pancreas, leading to increased chances of developing type 2 diabetes and gout
• Family history: Having a family history of gout or diabetes can also contribute to the risk factor of developing these conditions
• Other health problems: High blood pressure or cholesterol might also have a concerning contribution to developing diabetes and gout

Apart from these common risk factors, eating a diet high in purine, like red meat, lentils, spinach, oily fish, asparagus, oatmeal, and beans, can cause its components to break down into uric acid and develop the risk of gout.

Certain medications can help reduce the production amount of uric acid in your body, while some can strengthen your kidney’s ability to filter out toxins from the body, reducing the chances of a gout flare-up.

How to Manage Gout and Diabetes?

To control diabetes and gout, it’s necessary to keep your blood sugar and uric acid in control. For that to happen, make necessary lifestyle and habit changes like:

1. Try to Lose Excess Weight

Excess weight has been linked to both illnesses, and dropping pounds can reduce the risk of developing either. It’s important to note that any diet undertaken should be done safely, as drastic changes could lead to serious health complications. Experts suggest people start by making small dietary changes, such as reducing portions or cutting unhealthy foods out of meals if possible. Talk to a dietician or a nutritionist to help you with your weight loss journey.

2. Maintain a Healthy Diet

People with diabetes are at increased risk of developing gout due to high glucose levels and insulin resistance. A healthy diet can reduce this risk by helping to regulate blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss which helps reduce inflammation in the body.

3. Workout Regularly

Exercise helps maintain healthy levels of uric acid in the body, reducing inflammation and relieving symptoms such as swelling, redness, and tenderness around affected joints. Additionally, physical activity increases circulation, which can help reduce stiffness around joints caused by gout flare-ups. For people with diabetes, exercise is essential in controlling blood sugar levels to allow the body to use insulin more efficiently.

4. Keep Other Health Issues in Check

Improving the management of other diseases can help manage your gout and diabetes. Try to keep a healthy weight and take control of other chronic conditions like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and kidney diseases.

How to Treat Gout?

Certain medications can help reduce the production amount of uric acid in your body, while some can strengthen your kidney’s ability to filter out toxins from the body, reducing the chances of a gout flare-up. However, in some cases, these medications to stop gout flare-ups can cause one because the sudden dip in uric acid levels forms crystals on the joints. But you can take medications to manage the pain and treat flare-ups. To do that, your doctors may prescribe you colchicine, corticosteroids, and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

How to Treat Diabetes?

There isn’t any permanent cure for diabetes; however, you can treat and manage this chronic health condition to prevent its complications by regularly taking insulin to control your blood glucose levels.

When to See a Doctor

The early diagnosis of chronic health conditions like diabetes and gout is better for keeping the conditions under proper control. If you think you are experiencing symptoms of gout or diabetes, it’s best to see the doctor immediately to prevent flare-ups.

Composed by: “Krishma Patel is the Co-founder and the Superintendent Pharmacist at MedsNow, an online pharmacy in the UK that provides health and wellness products and treatments along with free online consultations. “

The post What’s the connection between Gout and Diabetes appeared first on InnoHEALTH magazine.

1. Dates:

Regular intake of dates keep your body warm during winters

Regular intake of dates helps your body to stay warm during winters. It contains a lot of minerals, vitamins and health benefitting phytonutrients and most importantly they are easily digestible. The lower fat content present in dates helps you keep your weight in check. Dietary fiber (6% of daily nutritional value (DNV)) – Dates help move waste smoothly through your colon and help prevent LDL (bad) cholesterol absorption by binding with substances containing cancer-causing chemicals. Iron (1% DNV) – a component of hemoglobin in red blood cells, determines the balance of oxygen in the blood. Potassium (5% DNV) – an electrolyte, helps control your heart rate and blood pressure. B-vitamins contained in dates, such as the carotenes lutein and zeaxanthin, absorb into the retina to maintain optimal light-filtering functions and protect against macular degeneration. Vitamin A (1% DNV) – protects the eyes, maintains healthy skin and mucous membranes, and even protects the lungs and mouth from developing cancer. Tannins, which are flavonoids as well as polyphenolic antioxidants, fight infection and inflammation and help, prevent excessive bleeding (anti-hemorrhagic). Vitamin K is a blood coagulant that also helps metabolize your bones. Copper, magnesium, manganese, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), niacin, pantothenic acid, and riboflavin are also present in dates and provide their own unique preventive and healing functions. Together, these cofactors help your body metabolize carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Eating dates in moderation can contribute to many health benefits, such as protecting against damage to cells from free radicals, help to prevent a stroke, coronary heart disease and the development of colon, prostate, breast, endometrial, lung, and pancreatic cancers.

Also Read: Food for thought

2. Cacao

Cacao best natural sources of antioxidants, iron, magnesium and zinc

Cacao is one of the best natural sources of antioxidants, iron, magnesium and zinc. Zinc is an important trace mineral important for better immune function. Anandamide which can naturally boost your mood & create a sense of elation; it can also boost serotonin levels in the brain which is another feel-good chemical, these chemicals can then boost brain calming hormones that can relax us if we are feeling stressed & restore feelings of well-being. Flavanols that boast anti-inflammatory health benefits as well as complex antioxidants also known as polyphenols. Flavanols & polyphenols can protect against cardiovascular disease, reduce the risk of stroke, improve blood circulation, reduce “bad” cholesterol & prevent hardening of arteries. Polyphenols antioxidants can also protect our cells from premature oxidation or destruction & help us look & feel younger for longer.

Also Read: Indian Hemp: Neglected Pharmacological Treasure Trove

3. Ginger

Ginger is a powerhouse root veggie that’s packed with medicinal qualities

Raw ginger root is used both in cooking and in herbal medicine. Ginger is a powerhouse root veggie that’s packed with medicinal qualities such as antimicrobial properties and anti-nausea benefits. Additionally, a chemical in ginger called Gingerol helps decrease inflammation and blocks nerve pathways that process pain. Consuming ginger may help limit nausea and motion sickness and may help treat arthritis by decreasing inflammation. It also contains small amounts of fiber, essential vitamins and minerals, but due to the small amount usually consumed in any given meal, it is unlikely to greatly affect your nutrient intake. Macro nutrients – one-fourth cup of ginger contains 19 calories, 0.2 grams of fat, 0.4 grams of protein and 4.3 grams of carbohydrate, including 0.5 grams of fiber. Higher consumption may cause heartburn,stomach upset and diarrhea and may interfere with certain medications, including blood thinners, diabetes medication and blood pressure medications. Vitamins – eating 1/4-cup of raw ginger would provide you with 2% of the daily value for both vitamin B-6 and vitamin C, as well as smaller amounts of niacin, riboflavin, folate, thiamine and vitamin E. Vitamin B-6 is necessary for metabolism, immune function and red blood cell function, and vitamin C is important for healing wounds and for limiting damage to your cells from free radicals. Minerals – while one-fourth cup of raw ginger only provides very small amounts of iron, calcium, phosphorus and zinc; it contains 3% of the DV for magnesium and potassium. Magnesium is used for metabolism, forming proteins and muscle and nerve function, and potassium helps lower blood pressure levels and maintain proper heart and digestive function.

Also Read: Study: Increasing Protein and Dairy Intake Reduce Burden of Diabetes

4. Spinach

Low in calories rich in minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids

Spinach’s nutritional value indicates that it is extremely nutrient dense. It is low in calories yet rich in minerals, vitamins, antioxidants and omega 3 fatty acids. Spinach is also loaded with flavonoids which act as antioxidants and can protect the body from free radicals which is an essential health benefit all year round, but especially during winter when we are more likely to catch cold or flu. The iron rich food can also improve energy levels as iron is an important component of haemoglobin which transports oxygen to the body cells.

Also Read: Can Millets Be the Answer to India’s Nutritional Problems?

5. Carrot

This crunchy veggie carries vitamin C, vitamin K, folate, iron, and potassium, all of which are important for fighting off germs during cold and flu season

This root vegetable contains high amounts of beta carotene which the body converts into vitamin A. Vitamin A is a key nutrient in the immune function, helping to protect against infection and reduce the risk and duration of respiratory illness by keeping our lungs healthy. It is an excellent food to protect the skin from ageing. Carrots also contain loads of vitamin A for healthy eyes, on top of fiber for good digestion. Plus, this crunchy veggie carries vitamin C, vitamin K, folate, iron, and potassium, all of which are important for fighting off germs during cold and flu season.

Also Read: Healthy Lives: Everyone, Everywhere

6. Pomegranate

Pomegranate may have heart health benefits by improving your cholesterol profile and protecting LDL (bad) cholesterol from oxidation

Pomegranates are rich in vitamin C and contain folate, vitamin K and potassium. There is some research to suggest that pomegranate may have to heart health benefits by improving your cholesterol profile and protecting LDL (bad) cholesterol from oxidation.

Also Read: Importance of Nutrition for Improving Academic Score

7. Cinnamon

Ground cinnamon is a good source of calcium and iron

Ground cinnamon is a good source of calcium and iron, which are required for good immunity and maintaining healthy red blood cell production. Research suggests this spice may also help to lower blood sugar levels.

Also Read: Regular consumption of fruits cuts death risk

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