IBM Watson Archives - InnoHEALTH magazine

Artificial Intelligence Coming Big Way in Healthcare Sector

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Mon, 19 Nov 2018 10:13:51 +0000

Brig Arvind Lal, CMD of Dr Lal Path Labs, is a pioneer in bringing laboratory services in India at par with the western world. In 1977, he took charge of the medical diagnostics laboratory founded in 1949 by his late father. Under his expert guidance and leadership, the initiative has become one of the most reputed laboratories in Asia, having to its credit quality accreditations from various national and international bodies.

The critical care environment has undergone significant alterations in the past several years. This has happened because our lifestyles in the fast-paced lives of modern India are ensuring that most people, in the age group of 30-50 years are falling prey to life-threatening cardiac diseases and strokes, in addition to diabetes, hypertension, cancers, liver, kidney and lung diseases – these diseases being called Non-Communicable Diseases or NCDs. They are now responsible for killing more than 65% of our population says Dr Arvind Lal, known for his diagnostic labs across the country.

Flagging concerns on such trends, these patients need high-cost intensive care, be it for complications of heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, hypertension, cancer or lung diseases. This is where the importance of Point-of-care testing (POCT) comes in. It helps in almost diagnosing the patient instantly and improves the physician’s ability to take immediate corrective action and decreases hospital stay. One such test is Troponin – that has revolutionized cardiac care by diagnosing heart attacks or myocardial infarction.

This article is based on the keynote address on the occasion of 2nd Annual International InnoHEALTH Conference 2017 – ‘Transforming Healthcare Through Innovation’ in New Delhi, said there are numerous promising diagnostic technologies. The key message is that in a country where 70% of the population lives in rural surroundings, ‘it is our duty to rapidly adopt disruptive innovative affordable technologies including telemedicine. Thus, our underserved population would be able to avail of the best treatment possible and bring in massive visible change’. He said the importance of bringing quality healthcare needs no reminder and the time has come for India to change the direction of healthcare for the masses.

Healthcare is a right – and access to good healthcare should not depend on where one lives and how much he or she earns. But sadly, that is exactly what plagues India’s healthcare today, he lamented. India faces a severe shortage of both hard infrastructure and talent. With about one doctor and one functional bed per 1000 population, healthcare is truly underserved in India. Add to this the regional imbalances and variations in healthcare delivery. The healthcare infrastructure is skewed towards urban over rural India.

Although rural India accounts for about 70% of the population, it has less than one-third of the nation’s hospitals, doctors and beds, resulting in large disparities in health outcomes across urban and rural India. British Medical Journal (BMJ) has observed that there is a remarkable saving of lives in India if good healthcare facilities consisting of operation theatres, surgeons, anaesthetists, blood banks are available within 50 kilometres of the patient providing quality medical services within the ‘golden hour’.

Though there has been a sea change in the last five decades, India now needs to reinvent the field of diagnostics as laboratory tests are responsible for 70% of all clinical or medical decisions.

In today’s life where internet rules the roost, the patients have become very knowledgeable, thanks to the globalisation of healthcare, and are demanding very high-quality healthcare for themselves. They are insisting on a very wholesome and satisfying experience rather than being told that the ‘treatment is over’.

Soon, a time will come when the tests shall be ordered by the patients based on clinical history and clinical findings that shall be answered by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) application. Artificial intelligence has already found several areas in healthcare from the design of treatment plans to assist in repetitive jobs to medication management and drug designing. The most obvious application of artificial intelligence in healthcare is data management. Collecting it, storing it, normalizing it, tracing its lineage – it may well be the first step in revolutionizing the existing healthcare systems.

Recently, the AI research branch of the search giant, Google, launched its Google Deepmind Health project, which is used to mine the data of medical records in order to provide better and faster health services. The project is in its initial phase, and at present, they are working with Moorfields Eye Hospital of NHS Foundation Trust, UK to improve eye treatment.

Just a few years ago the patient after giving the sample used to come back in the evening to the lab to collect a physical copy of the test report. This was replaced by making the report available on the internet that could be downloaded by the patient in the comfort of his home. These days this has been further replaced by making available an App on his mobile phone wherein he can book an appointment for the sample to be collected at home and the report being later available on the same mobile App.

‘IBM Watson, whose headquarters I had the privilege of visiting a few months back in the Silicon Valley, is an AI-based engine that has launched its special program for oncologists to provide clinicians evidence-based treatment options. The program has an advanced ability to analyze the meaning and context of structured and unstructured data in clinical notes and reports in its encyclopedic memory that may be critical to selecting a treatment pathway’. IBM launched another algorithm called Medical Sieve. It is an ambitious long-term exploratory project to build a next-generation ‘cognitive health assistant’ that is able to analyze radiology images to spot and detect abnormalities faster and more reliably. This shall help radiologists in the future to look at the most complicated cases where human supervision is essential.

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‘Wearable Tech is another area which I am personally very excited about. It has the potential to change the world as it helps people understand their own bodies by using mass data collected on a daily basis. From fitness bands to smartwatches to eye based wearables, they are being adopted widely. Take the case of Zephyr’s Anywhere Bio Patch which is an FDA-approved, small device that is attached to a patient’s chest and monitors their vitals minute-by-minute and collects medical-grade data for doctors’ use. These devices will connect our organs digitally, enabling disease detection at very early stages. It has the potential to bring down cardiac and other deaths drastically. This offers immense potential to do remote testing, monitoring and thus assisting the doctor in timely treatment’.

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Point of Care Testing: Technological advancements in laboratory automation, including POCT, and initiatives to increase patient satisfaction are transforming the clinical laboratory market. POCT has come a long way from a handful of simple tests to a multibillion-dollar global market that holds great promise for the future. Not so long ago, laboratory data would often arrive at the bedside too late to be of significant use in the active, continuing care of critically ill patients. Now, most clinicians acknowledge that POCT is a prerequisite for early recognition of life-threatening conditions as they require that laboratory results are made available in real-time and, if possible, at the critically ill patient’s point of care. The College of American Pathologists defines POCT as tests designed to be used at or near the site where the patient is located, that do not require permanent dedicated space, and that are performed outside the physical facilities of the clinical laboratories.

Examples include kits and instruments that are hand-carried or transported to the vicinity of the patient for immediate testing at that site (e.g. capillary blood glucose) or analytical instruments that are temporarily brought to a patient care location (like operating room, intensive care unit). In many cases, the simplicity was not achievable until technologies developed that was simple and affordable. For example, various kinds of urine test strips have been available for decades, but portable ultrasonography did not reach the stage of being advanced, affordable and widespread until recently. Similarly, pulse oximetry can test arterial oxygen saturation in a quick, simple, non-invasive, affordable way today, but in earlier eras, this required an intra-arterial needle puncture and a laboratory test. Thus, over decades, testing continues to move toward the point of care.

The lab-on-a-chip (LOC) is another device that integrates one or several laboratory functions on a single integrated circuit (commonly called a “chip”) of only a few square centimetres to achieve automation and high throughput screening. Imagine that a patient comes to one of our 2,100 collection centres in the remote tier three or tier four towns in India with the high fever. We take a drop of blood from his finger and inform the clinician almost immediately that the patient is suffering from Chikungunya and not from Malaria or Typhoid, or Dengue fever or Japanese Encephalitis – all in a matter of minutes! The driving notion behind POCT is to bring the test conveniently and immediately to the patient. Needless to add, the patient’s data by POCT shall be made available to update the patient’s electronic health records (EHR).

Talking about POCT Instruments: Currently, two broad type of POCT instruments are available: Small benchtop analyzers (for example, blood gas and electrolyte systems) and handheld, single-use devices (such as urine albumin, blood glucose, and coagulation tests). Now let us talk about if POCT is Boon or Bane? The strong point of POCT is speed and the rapidity with which it shall save lives in emergencies. As India marches towards quality healthcare delivery, in course of time regulatory compliances shall have to be adhered to in the interest of the patient’s health.

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Adopting new technology to cross physical barriers

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Wed, 14 Feb 2018 06:05:14 +0000

High profile panel of speakers from different fields of health and medical facilities explored the option of inducing innovations and new technology in the operations of hospitals and clinics, at the InnoHEALTH 2017 conference in New Delhi.

Keynote Address: Dr. Vijay Agarwal,
Moderator: Dr. Arati Verma
Speakers
· Prof. A.K Gupta,
· Partha Dey,
· Surjeet Thakur,
· Prof. Arti Maria

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Hospitals are the core of health and medical care and adaptation of new technology and innovations will make the biggest difference to our medical needs while improving the health conditions of all.

Highlighting the concern of data security and reluctance to depend on technology because of that concern, the keynote speaker for the first session Dr. Vijay Agarwal shared his views on the subject emphasizing on the fact that technology is rolling out at a very fast pace. Stating an example of landline telephones that took more than 100 years to reach the one billion mark of users, was reduced to less than 20 years for mobile technology to do the same. This way he highlighted the fact that newer technology will be very rapid in implementation requiring hospitals and clinics to adapt and be prepared to utilize it rather than be apprehensive about it.

Professor AK Gupta of the esteemed PGI Hospital in Chandigarh, also, supported this view and shared his personal experiences and experimentation with management and administration of the hospital. He emphasized that it’s not just in the medical and clinical field that we have to embrace innovations and technology, but in fact it will fetch very positively encouraging results if adopted in the management and administration of hospitals. He shared his views on reducing the time stay of patients in hospitals by means of using an innovative approach provided by tailored software and mobile apps. These efforts were recognized by the hospital; national level authorities and even internationally and was rightly awarded for this approach. He concluded his speech by asserting that you don’t have to discover new technology, but innovative utilization of existing technology can also provide very good results.

Touching the humane element in the hospitals, Prof Arti Maria of RML Hospital shared her experiences of involving mothers and non-hospital staff in caring for the young ones in ICU units. “A soft touch by the mothers, who are otherwise distanced outside the ICU units, has resulted on faster recovery of infants in the ICU.”

“In fact, this experimentation has also resulted in enhanced confidence of mothers and improved their social status with respect to their husbands, families and the social fabric as such.” Prof Maria, who specializes in Neonatology as Head of that Department is keenly working with other authorities beyond the hospital to promote this concept and is getting very encouraging results from hospitals, and relevant bodies.

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Partha Dey, with years of experience at IBM shed some light on the subject of innovations with the simplicity that the IBM is known for. The three products and services of IBM, Watson, Block Chain and Cloud data are the way forward, according to Mr. Dey, Healthcare Leader and SME and IBM, India.

Watson, according to Mr Dey, is the most innovative friend for health care workers and doctors alike, as it understands many languages, including regional and Oncology. This helps medical staff to interpret and diagnose ailments with a high grade of accuracy and ease. Watson can, not only, analyze and conclude at a faster pace, but can also eliminate human error contributed in the form of emotional stress and personal bias.

Block Chain, on the other hand is the best mode of data utilization and can contribute to tracking of product and their status. Block Chain can also help eliminate counterfeit medicines by clever tracking of products and their batches.

IBM is constantly pushing the boundaries of innovations with introduction of new products and services. Watson and Block Chain are latest in the field of health and medical welfare.

In totality, the high profile panel of speakers from different fields of health and medical facilities explored the option of inducing innovations and new technology in the operations of hospitals and clinics beyond clinical procedures, leading to heightened efficiency and operational advantages resulting in a healthier society and population at large.

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“Artificial intelligence has been there since ages. But big corporates throw things at you to claim that they have something new and latest. Most artificial intelligence uses software and the software is as good as the users, which means even the artificial intelligence needs human intervention for efficient execution. In the field of health and medical, AI is even more depending on the involvement and interpretation of human beings.”

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“Innovation doesn’t have to be in technology alone. Anything that has not been measured doesn’t mean it doesn’t exist. So if stress on a child straight out of the womb and placed in an ICU has not been measured for any reason; it does not mean that the child is not undergoing any stress. Our new approach to introduce mother and family members in the ICU area has shown very encouraging results that resulted in speedy recovery by the child.”

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“We have been hearing of tele-medicine has been from the Nehru and Indira Era. But what is accomplished so far is very less. We have now integrated the tele-medicine system where the doctor explains the report to the patient and in the process takes the customer/patient in a walk through his report and diagnosis. Next step of tele-medicine will be to integrate Artificial Intelligence so that patients can contribute to the clinical process and recover faster, with the additional help of doctors and medicines.”

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Want to write for InnoHEALTH? send us your article at magazine@innovatiocuris.com

Read all the issues of InnoHEALTH magazine:
InnoHEALTH Volume 1 Issue 1 (July to September 2016) – https://goo.gl/iWAwN2
InnoHEALTH Volume 1 Issue 2 (October to December 2016) – https://goo.gl/4GGMJz
InnoHEALTH Volume 2 Issue 1 (January to March 2017) – https://goo.gl/DEyKnw
InnoHEALTH Volume 2 Issue 2 (April to June 2017) – https://goo.gl/Nv3eev
InnoHEALTH Volume 2 Issue 3 (July to September 2017) – https://goo.gl/MCVjd6
InnoHEALTH Volume 2 Issue 4 (October to December 2017) – http://amzn.to/2B2UMLw
InnoHEALTH Volume 3 Issue 1 (January to March 2018) – https://goo.gl/fksdQx

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Startup coordinates and e-health destination

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Tue, 30 Jan 2018 05:53:58 +0000

The startup coordinates and e-health destination

By Sachin Gaur, Director operations IC

Last year May 24-26, 2017 was big startup event Latitude 59 in Tallinn,Estonia. I attended the event and got a flavor of the startup scene and healthcare sector discussions were held. I aligned my visit to Estonia along with the visit of my meeting with CBHEALTHACCESS delegates, innovative healthcare companies from Finland, Sweden, Estonia and Latvia.

I could witness many startups and meet some friends. At any point in the premises of the conference there were over 1000 people and all engaged about future trends and opportunities. One way to know future is always by observing what problems best startups are engaged in solving. I could witness many biotech (genetics) based startup trying their hands on personalized medicine and new age diagnostics platform. Also, interesting was the cyber security companies.

One cyber security startup from Switzerland, OneVisage, that attracted my attention was working on 3D face scanning as authentication mechanism and looked promising for applications like online banking with your own face as your password. Estonia in general has made great advances in two areas, one that of e-governance including e-health and the other cyber security. Hence, it was no surprise for me to see both kind of startups flocking in conference and building upon the existing good work happening in that country. The other exciting thing to see was the countries collaborating and there were many international visitors including from India. Japanese and Finnish presence was quite visible.

There was also heavy promotion of e-residency program with some exciting announcements about easier account opening with a Finnish provider. It lured me also to try my hands on registering a company and post conference it took me only few minutes with the help of some local friends to register a company! Although, I am yet to make it fully functional, but that was already something for me.

The highlight for me was the healthcare session on the second day, which had a keynote by Nicky Hekster from IBM Watson. Nicky started by asking everyone in the room to standup and asked first those who have been to a hospital in last six months to sit down or someone in their close family. Next, he asked if they knew someone in friends/relatives who have been to the hospital. To my surprise there were only 2-3 people standing in the room which had over hundreds of people. This was a master tactic to drive the point home, that healthcare matters to all.

Followed by the keynote was a panel discussion, which comprised of panelists from USA, Finland, Germany, Italy, Netherlands and Estonia. They were healthcare practitioners, investors, incubators, startups and large company representatives. The session was interesting and demonstrated that how international best practices sharing and collaboration is need of the hour cutting across all type of stakeholders. I really enjoyed my two days not just in the conference but also in after parties with loads of intellectual discussions. Look forward being there again next year!

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