An indigenous state-of-the-art 3D Bio-Printer ‘Mito Plus’ launched by Indian Tech Startup Avay Biosciences has been found to be helpful in printing human tissues. Mito Plus was launched at Bengaluru Tech Summit held between 16th and 18th November 2022. The prototype of Mito Plus was installed at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, the top-ranked science research institute by NIRF Rankings.

Mito Plus is an advanced version of 3D bio-printer developed with inputs on the prototype from the research lab of Dr Bikramjit Basu at IISc, and developed by Avay which an IIT Madras alumnus co-founded. It is one of the advanced 3D bio-printers in India. Avay Biosciences provides wholly indigenous software and hardware development for end-to-end Bio 3D printing solutions in India.

Manish Amin, Chief Executive Officer, Avay Biosciences, said, “MITO plus is an advanced bio-printer at its price range which can be used to print a wide range of biomaterials. This printer comes up with an inbuilt UV curing option, HEPA filter and effective temperature control features. In this the print-head and the print-bed can be cooled up to four degrees celsius and heated to 80 degrees celsius. MITO plus can be used for pharmaceutical drug discovery and drug testing applications, it can also be used in cancer biology and cosmetology applications.”

Bio-printers work in almost the same way as other 3D printers do, with one major difference i.e instead of delivering materials such as plastic, metal or powders, bio-printers deposit layer of biomaterials, that may include living cells, to build complex structures like skin tissue, liver tissue, etc. 3D bio-printing is a unique gift to humanity through science and technology. However, many challenges are yet to be solved. ‘’There is still a long way to go before we can create fully functioning and viable organs for human transplant,” Amin explained.

“We are working on having our printers develop skin – the most common type of layered tissue that could help victims of severe burns. These tissues can also be used for toxicology screens and other testing mechanisms,” said Suhridh Sundaram, Chief Operating Officer, Avay Biosciences.

Typically bio-printing uses various polymers which attempt to recreate the extracellular matrix (ECM) native to the specific cell. The availability of cost-effective bio-printers is essential in developing artificial organs, since all future research depends on this infrastructure. If animal cells are used, bioprinting can also be utilized to create artificial meat, a space-age food dream. 

Apart from premier Research and Development institutions such as IIT Madras and IISc Bangalore, the tech startup’s customers and collaborators include the Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Mumbai; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education And Research (NIPER), Hyderabad; and BITS Pilani (Goa Campus). (Source: India Science Wire)

ISW/USM/Avay Biosciences/Bio-printing/ENG/18/11/2022

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The various government initiatives

Although 100 percent FDI through automatic route in medical devices was allowed in 2014, tangible attention of policy makers and bureaucrats appeared only in the last two or three years during and post-pandemic. To strengthen the medical devices sector, the government provided the financial support of 25 crore to Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone (AMTZ) for a common facility centre. Subsequently, to improve manufacturing in cancer/radiotherapy, imaging devices, renal and cardio-respiratory devices and implants sectors, the production linked incentives scheme for medical devices was initiated in 2020, with an amount of 3,420 crore. Further, the medical devices parks were envisaged by allocating 400 crores for developing the medical devices, research facilities and skilled manpower. By introduction of the medical devices rule 2017, which categories the medical devices in four classes, the quality and efficacy was inducted in this sector.

Moreover, the national pharmaceutical pricing authority swung in action for price capping of knee implant, stents, oxygen concentrator and point of care devices (POC) to reduce the dealer’s margin. To address the rising price of drugs, the government opened 8604 affordable outlets (Jan Aushadhi Kendras) which offer 1451 drugs and 240 types of surgical supplies. Another step towards Universal Health Coverage (UHC), The initiative of the Ayushman Bharat-Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) was pioneered by providing the health insurance of ₹ 5 lakhs per family per year, which covers approximately 50 crore Indian poor and vulnerable families. The forenamed initiatives deserve the praise for notable work by the government, but there is still a necessity to advance medical devices sectors to achieve the vision of affordable and quality care to every stratum of the society.

Areas of improvement and suggestions

Despite various schemes initiated by the government, there is a necessity for a comprehensive and clear roadmap for accelerated and continuous growth in the sector. The urge for improvements in the sector is further stressed by the diversity in the medical devices product segment which demands the wide range of interventions in different areas as underscored below. 

Medical devices regulation: The single window online portal for efficient management of information associated with medical devices is essential. The online portal should allow ease in medical device registration, obtaining import and manufacturing licensing, clearance for clinical investigation to all the stakeholders like Co-WIN portal used for vaccination drive.

Research and Development (R & D) funding: The allocation of dedicated funds to encourage joint research with industry, academic and start-ups is much entailed. The fund should be disbursed for building contemporary laboratories for various evaluations, implant and instruments testing, animal studies, equipment testing etc. for R & D activities. These well-equipped laboratories could lead to enhanced research-oriented collaboration, partnerships and innovation in the domestic medical devices sector. 

Price regulation of medical devices: The projected Indian annual per capita income in 2022 is ₹ 1,78,944 ($2,357.643) which translates ₹14,912 per month. The per month income for quality health services to common people is surely less, thus price regulation of medical devices and hospital charges could play an important role in offering affordable medical devices to all. However, careful understanding of medical devices and well devised strategy for price regulation will be required to maintain stability in the medical devices segment.

The various media reports stressed the shortage of beds in health care centres, which left patients unattended for a long time. This insinuated the need for a good physical foundation for health services and healthcare research for better management and treatment of diseases.

Healthcare Infrastructure: The highly infectious COVID-19 virus has created panic in the healthcare community and its deleterious episodes are continuing. On other hand it has emphasised the need for infrastructure requirements. The various media reports stressed the shortage of beds in health care centres, which left patients unattended for a long time. This insinuated the need for a good physical foundation for health services and healthcare research for better management and treatment of diseases. Thus, the need for contemporary healthcare infrastructure is essential, which may also attract the domestic manufactures to invest in medical devices sectors.

Promoting the collaboration: The idea of industrial cluster near to all academic Institutions, could provide the essential environment for industrial collaboration, The global giant in medical devices technology such as Medtronic, Stryker, GE Healthcare, Philips, and Medtronic shall be encircled in this type of collaboration, it can be easily done since most of them already have centres in India. The triple helix model, commonly used in western countries, shall be tried in this collaboration initiative, where government, industry and Institutes would interact for improvement in the domestic medical devices segment.

Innovation parks: The promotion of the ecosystem that houses the network of institutions, start-ups, clinical setting, funding agencies is much needed. This type of ecosystem is called innovation parks; the medical devices parks should be initiated to provide the impetus to scale up the production, encourage the research to market translation and quality medical devices. These parks shall further have strong association with the Ministry of Human Resource Development to make necessary corrections in National Education Policy 2022, by designing proper course work to meet the domestic medical device industry requirements.

Creating centres of excellence: The further boost in creating centres of excellence at reputed institutes would attract world class faculties to engage them in medical devices which are fit for India. These centres shall be further strengthened to drive the role in product development, validation, certification, promote the safety and efficacy and use of latest technology such as Internet of Things (IoT), Robotics, Telemedicine, Artificial Intelligence (AI) etc in the medical devices sector.

Trained Human Resource: As pre survey from AMTZ the half of the workforce in the medical devices sector are unskilled, signaling the need for skill development programs in this sector. The National Institutes for medical devices like IITs, NITs and IISc could be envisaged. These institutes shall provide training, internship, and hands -on experience in medical devices. Further, association with private players shall be encouraged for research and training funding. The course curriculum in these Institutes shall be drafted such that it brings doctors, technicians, service engineering, scientists, and engineers together like Clinical Engineering, a joint initiative by three Institutions namely IIT Madras, SCTIMST and CMC Vellore to improve the skills in the domain.

Patenting is the formal way to protect innovative ideas.

IP (intellectual property): Patenting is the formal way to protect innovative ideas. Intellectual property right offers various advantages such as, competitive advantages against the established competitors, prevents ideas from theft, and signals to investors about the new technology. Patenting in the Indian medical devices sector shall be encouraged for continuous and stable growth in the sector.

Custom Duty: It is a long pending request from the Indian Medical devices industry to increase the custom duty on imported medical devices. The demand is to increase the custom duty from 0 to 7.5 % to 15% and reduce the GST from 18% to 12%. The call on the request shall be considered after proper evaluations, since on one side it will ease the entry of local medical device manufacturers in the market but on other side it will lead to deficiency of quality and innovative product in market.

Acceptance of personalized treatment: Personalized care often called precision medicine is tailor-made treatment to patients based on their molecular profiling. It is an emerging and exciting treatment approach which envisages an important role in preventing and predicting diseases and educates patients to get the right treatment. There shall be a policy to promote such patient centric treatment initiatives within the country, which will contribute to the growth in the medical devices segment since personalized medicine has over-reliance on diagnostic devices.

The aforementioned suggestions are specific to build a strong foundation for the Indian medical devices sector. These are a few steps to reduce import dependency and realize the self-reliant India. If these areas are stressed for the next decade, India could become the global supplier in medical devices from the status of importer.

Composed by: “Er. Arvind Kumar Prajapati is a Scientist/Engineer at Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, Trivandrum, Kerala. He has been closely working in design, development, testing and validation of Knee, Hip, and Spine implants and instruments.”

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