Researchers measured insulin and C-peptide levels of 87 diabetics(67 men and 20 women). Actually, beta cells in the pancreas that make insulin also release the C-peptide-a polypeptide composing of 31 amino acids. Although C-peptide does not actually affect the blood sugar of a person, the doctors can measure its level to figure out how much insulin the person’s body is making.

What made researchers measure the C-peptide levels along with insulin levels in the diabetics under study? This is because C-peptide gets secreted at a more constant rate across time durations as compared to the insulin secretion. Also, C-peptide levels are more stable compared to the insulin levels (its half-life is nearly six times that of insulin)which facilitates testing of beta cells’ response, the study has pointed out. The results revealed that the persons included in the study had largely the features of adiposity characterised by high body fat, abdominal fat and fatty liver condition, which may not be visible from outside.

The study has concluded that nonobese (BMI below 25) and even lean (BMI below 19) Indians have high body fat, excess fat in the liver and skeletal muscles and lesser skeletal muscle mass. In particular, they have ectopic fat in the liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and pancreas (nonalcoholic pancreas disease), which may contribute to insulin resistance leading to diabetes even in young age.

Along with high body fat and visceral fat, researchers also found elevated levels of insulin and C-peptide in the 87 diabetic patients studied by them. Such patients would benefit better from pharmacotherapy using insulin sensitizers or weight loss therapy, the study noted.

Summarising the outcome of the study, Dr. Anoop Misra, chairman Fortis C-DOC who led the study, told India Science Wire: “Indians have normal weight-high body fat and low muscle mass. They are not overtly obese but have not only high body fat but fat which is located in the crucial organs of metabolism, i.e., liver and pancreas. Once this occurs, the action of the insulin hormone becomes jeopardized, and blood sugar startsincreasing.”

“Indian physicians should urge patients to lose weight even when they are in normal body mass index (BMI) category to maintain body habitus at leaner side. This could prevent diabetes in those who do not have it yet, and blood sugar levels are better managed in patients with diabetes.” he added.

Credits: India Science Wire