Cognitive Performance, Zeitgeber Entrainment Acknowledgement, Mitochondrial Activity, Work Hour Melanopic-Circadian Alignment and Improvement in Social Behaviour: (Includes) A Prospective Study of up to 19 Office Goers: Salvation Series

An insight to the facts, research, design and specification of the office luminaires for the circadian alignment, healthy LQI- Lighting quality  index 

Abstract: The need for Healthy (Forming the parameters of Light Quality Index-LQI, Physiological Evidence based office lighting),  with smart controls. It all began with the inquisitiveness that how light as a zeitgeber influences the molecular mechanism are sensing  the environment for the time cues? How circadian is disrupted or aligned, what is the connection between immune system and light, why  there are chances of being prone to some types of cancer-with relation to light, how retina gets damaged, effects of white LED exposure  on retinal pigment epithelium, relationship of metabolism and muscular atrophy with respect to light and many of these inquisitiveness.

1. Introduction

The idea that there can be an “unambiguous technique” for  human-bio favourable lighting like tenable white without  considering the bioblue transition to the dim grey  appearanceand in the absence of other non-visible and  visible parameters is totally unrealistic, because of the non  synchronisation of the indoor skylight dynamics in  concurrence with the outdoor skylight dynamics,  tremendous variability between individuals based on their  age, genetics, environmental factors, individual physiology,  eating habits, and wake up or the sleep timings and our  behavioural aspects. The harmony of the glands is accomplished by constantly  synchronizing our body’s atoms, glands, genes, molecules,  cells hormones in alignment of time cues- the LIGHT.

2. How the project started?

When DPA moved its Mumbai office to a new location they enlisted healthy lighting Design, their in-house group of  illuminating experts, to solve the projects lighting  challenges. The new space in the Ahmedabad’s based Office  Tower is a conventional mix of open-area workstations,  private offices and conference rooms with low 11’ 5”  ceilings throughout.

The project’s lighting objectives were established “to  provide wellness, healthy, interactive, an ergonomic and  visually luminance balanced workspace,” means, “That  evenly illuminating the ceilings, walls and work surfaces,  while CS & EML levels the space and lighting should help  the occupants with the better cognitive functions,  minimizing glare and unwanted reflections.” Considering the limitations of traditional recessed & suspended fixtures, these objectives were easier said than  done. The challenge was also to create aesthetically bright  environments

Facts:

Until now we were concerned with defined lux levels,  tuneable white light, UGR, CRI and the w/soft. Now there’s  a product that offers controlled CS, CR ratio, EML, retino hypothalamic activation to trigger pineal & pituitary glands  with the designed SPD for special bio-red & bio-blue  technology in line with irradiance value to help out  physiology of the body also helping our 3-neurotransmitters,  cognitive functions brightness, uniform distribution and  exceptional energy performance.

Volume 11 Issue 4, April 2022
www.ijsr.net 
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SR22416151122 DOI: 10.21275/SR22416151122 807

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 
ISSN: 2319-7064 
SJIF (2022): 7.942

3. Proposed Standards for Light Quality

Being tenacious and ascertaining a healthier lighting space  always requires a process of trading off some aesthetical and  volumetric aspects of the space for healthier future gains.  However, this has been a very thick proposition from an  architectural and interior point of view, especially in the  office and the residential segments.  

We need to strategies w.r.t. legislative to be proposed and  implemented regarding LQI-INDOOR LIGHT QUALITY  INDEX., as there is an exponential rise in severe neuro and  retinal disorders as well as the related illnesses. This is due  to the inappropriate forms and sources of light that are  contributing negatively to our health are: 

• Retinal damage 
• Brain fatigue 
• Stress 
• Migraine 
• Insomnia 
• EFD 
• Cancer
• Obesity 
• Age related Macular degeneration 
• Skin diseases 

3.1 How does the LQI work?

The standard of LQI can be broadly defined as the  combination of visible and non-visible parameters  (Wavelength, frequency, radiance, and irradiance, and  photons, visual and non-visual acuity) for our health and  wellbeing. The higher the LQI value, the greater the levels  of these healthy parameters inducing the physiological and  psychological benefits to the inhabitants For example, an  LQI value of 80 (out of 100) represents good healthy  lighting with respect to circadian alignment, ATP  production, serotonin levels, melatonin balance and visual  acuity as a rejuvenated space. 

The LQI can be categorised into three different zones. Each  category corresponds to a different level of health and  wellbeing concern. Each category also has a specific  features of the light as a product, components, is  deliverables in terms of efficacy, lumens, flicker ratio, THD,  Gamut values, CCT ratio, CRI, α-opic ratio EML, CS etc  along with the presence of radiance and irradiance values,  non-visible wavelength and its corresponding ranges  subjected to the physiological. The purpose of the LQI is to help people know how the  Light quality impacts their health and wellbeing. It must  NOT contribute to

1. Retinal fatigue 
2. Brain fatigue 
3. Migraine

values and limits..
It must HAVE mentioned outcomes 

• Rejuvenation 
• Circadian alignment and not the drive 
• Improvements in the cognitive skills 
• Activation of Solitrol to generate Vitamin D
• Better mitochondrial balance while having the presence  of NIR*/FIR* 

3.2 Why is LQI important?

The business of lighting has grown Multi-folds over the past  one decade and so do the technical understanding on the  same embraced with the skills with respect to creativity, but  the fundamentals of physiology in relation to light is still to  reach those numbers.  LQI is much more than just furnishing an appropriate  quantity of light like lux levels, efficacies, R values, CRI,  CCT, Macadam step etc… 

There are many psychological as well as physiological  factors that has to be covered under of lighting quality index  (LQI). Lighting quality cannot be expressed simply in  terms of photometric measures nor can there be a self explicit ways applicable formula for good quality lighting,  but surely the lighting quality as expected and desired must  be HEALTHY and not just smart or cost effective.

Volume 11 Issue 4, April 2022 
www.ijsr.net 
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 
Paper ID: SR22416151122 DOI: 10.21275/SR22416151122 808 

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064 
SJIF (2022): 7.942

3.3 Objectives of Light Quality Index (LQI)

The DNA of our lighting industry changed with the arrival  of LEDs. Thus our parameters w.r.t. the biology has to be  restructured. The LQI primarily works on the contribution of  lighting parameters (visible and non-visible) on human (the  occupants) physiology and the psychology.  Depending upon the indoor spaces and the layouts with  respect to the topography the LQI parameters can be reset.  For instance, LQI parameters for South Pole for an indoor or  outdoor application will differ from the inhabitants of North  Pole. The study of the sets of individuals is very crucial as  the physiology of sets of human beings will differ and thus there cannot be one single yardstick to govern LQI. To make it easier to understand, the LQI can have  mentioned pathways to be formed: 

• Affects of different spectrums on human health
• By an appropriate use of lighting controls, tuneable white  light blending with biored* and bioblue* lights to induce  replica of the nonvisible and visible parameters of light  {dawn, full sunny day & dusk timelines.} 
• Combination of appropriate forms of LEDs.
• Avoiding the direct view of light sources, incorporating a  lighting design to reduce the number of lights in a  pragmatic manner. 
• Allowing the maximum parameters of Sunlight through  the glass enveloped buildings 

Need for an appropriate design for office lighting: SALVATION* series CAMA  – Girish Bhardwaj, Tashi Aggarwal

It’s the need for the hour to re think and adapt lighting  product design and the lighting consultancy which must  contribute towards the Circular economy and biodiversity,  health and wellbeing parameters rather lux or illuminance,  cost benefits or CAPEX / OPEX point of views. 

The design from SALVATION* seriesCAMA (Circadian  Alignment &Mitochondrial Algorithm) based delivers both  visual and non-visual benefits with respect to physiology,  luminance / illuminance, visual acuity for the occupants. We  have adopted the methodology towards the optimization for  efficacy, LOR, TM-30 regulations, CRI, EML, CS and need  for boosting mitochondrial activities to boost our immune  systems as well as our cell regeneration while maintain the  melatonin/ cortisol ratios. 

Algorithms are based on the astronomical clocks for  resetting of the desired SPDs and colour corrections with the  an appropriate form of BIO BLUE* and Bio RED*

Introduction to the Salvation series:

Apart from the visual perception or the acuity, it is very well  established that light is the governor of our hormones and it  is very essential to maintain the harmony amongst the  glands, hormones and the neurotransmitters. For example, our biological clock is regulated by the circadian and diurnal rhythms through the intrinsically  photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) that transmit  light stimuli to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) which  governs our pituitary and pineal gland with negative  transactional feedback loop systems..

Similarly, molecules which are chromophores’, absorbs the  wavelengths emitted by the light source. There is an optical  tissue window which varies from 600 nm to 1400 nm (  infrared spectrum). The chroma force in tissues which  absorbs the light energy. These chroma force are found in  MITOCHONDRIA. MITOCHONDRIA, in these we have specific molecule  known as Cytochrome C oxidase, which is responsible to  produce energy within MITOCHONDRIA. This means  Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP), which is the end product of  energy correlation and is the fuel our cells need for  transporting irons for metabolism. 

As compared to the traditional lights in the name of  HCVL/HCL/Circadian drive the phenomenon of these office  lighting is different and advanced in terms of technology and  health benefits as we are focussing more on the circadian  alignment and physiological benefits* from the longer  wavelengths. SPECTRAL OPTIMIZATION FOR CAMA was utmost  essential. The Luminous efficacy w.r.t. lumens, irradiance  and joules / seconds has been given the priority along with  the EML/CS/TM-30-18 and CRI parameters. 

Salvation is a modular, adaptive & intelligent lighting tool  designed for the biological wellbeing of the humans while  meeting the visual needs of the occupants of any space.  This luminaire is designed using the proprietary technology  (patent pending) using specific wavelengths of light which  are scientifically proven to aid to photo-:bio-stimulation and  trigging cortisol, together with high quality LEDS which can  be tuned to the required colour temperature.  

The luminaire houses intelligent program embedded to tune  to the circadian requirements of the occupants of a spaces  along with triggering the photo stimulus at calculated  intervals throughout the day. High quality electronics & control ensures to meet stringent  flicker and EMF emission norms which further makes the  luminaire safe & secure for daily usage .

Light Source: Medical Grade LEDs of proprietary  wavelengths, Tenable 2700-5500K  
System Power: 70 Watts excluding standby power CRI /  GAI : >90 / > 78.9 (typical) 
Mounting: Ceiling Recessed for Grid / Gypsum / PoP type  ceiling structure  
Dimension: L: 600 X W:600 X H:125mm  
Control Gear: Electronic In-Built PF > 0.9 , THD < 10% ,  IEC Compliant for Safety , Performance, Flicker , & EMF/I  – Dimmable, Tunable via proprietary control software over

Volume 11 Issue 4, April 2022 
www.ijsr.net 
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 
Paper ID: SR22416151122 DOI: 10.21275/SR22416151122 809 

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR)
ISSN: 2319-7064 
SJIF (2022): 7.942

Study Objectives for the project as a case study to  implement the research work:

To examine the association between bio-red, bio blue,  NzER, FzIR and swift switchovers of Kelvins (2700-5500K)  during office hours. 
Methods: A total of 19 office goers who were subjected to SALVATION SERIES. From morning 9:30-10:00 AM were  subjected with blubio+4000K trigger the pituitary gland 
From 10:00 AM-1:30 PM they were subjected under bio blue+5500K 
From 2:15 PM-2:30 PM they were subjected under bio-red  (NzIR+680). 
From 2:30 PM – 4:30 PM they were subjected under bio  blue+5500K 
From 4:30PM–5:30 PM they were subjected under 3000K 

The controlled (auto and manual) ways of implementation of  bioblue* transition to the dim grey appearanceand vice  versa to trigger either the pituitary or the pineal glands  (depending upon the time of the day) in concurrence  with the tuneable white spectrum (with controlled  intensities of the light)was give utmost important along  with the task lighting and lighting during the work break sessions. In the present study as baseline and were followed up to 25  to 45 years of age. Sleep duration was categorized as ≤ 10  hours,

Introduction

Because all light sources were adjusted to provide the same  horizontal as well as vertical illumination from table till 25  inches on a vertical plane (the standard measure that lighting  designers use to illuminate indoor spaces), and because the  spectral power distributions of the chosen LED light sources  were significantly diverse, the intensity of total visible 

Light entering the eye (measured vertically at eye level with the subjects seated at the conference table) varied between  the light sources. This provided the opportunity to determine  if the melatonin which was influenced by corneal light metrics (irradiance in μW/cm2, photon irradiance in  photons/cm2/s, photopic illuminance in lux). Individual  pupil sizes and macular pigment optical density were not  measured and were not taken into account. There was a  significant correlation between light intensity by any of  these metrics and the melatonin results.

We next examined how well the most commonly used  circadian lighting calculators, the circadian stimulus (CS;  Rea and Figueiro, 2018), CIE melanopic irradiance (CIE 026S), and the closely related equivalent melanopic lux  (EML) calculator the occupants were subjected under these  conditions of variable LED light sources. 

Apart from this the presence of NIR with the controlled  ratios is utmost important for the applications like office  lighting & healthcare units. Thus its not only aligning the  circadian rhythm but also to induce the physiological  parameters though the fed form of energy available in LEDs,  all thanks to the advancement in the field of lighting which  definitely is improvising the missing LED fed frequencies  and the wavelengths which are must for humans, when  spending more than 60% of their time in their work  respective places. 

4. Analysis and implementation of the design  and the luminaires

Volume 11 Issue 4, April 2022 
www.ijsr.net 
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 
Paper ID: SR22416151122 DOI: 10.21275/SR22416151122 810 

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 
ISSN: 2319-7064 
SJIF (2022): 7.942

5. Final Conclusion

a) It’s not only the tuneable white spectrum which helps the  shifting gears in the levels of melatonin (or cortisol) but  it’s the process of unification in the dynamics of white  spectrum causing the appearance of the scattered blue to  grey in the sky or vice versa (With respect to the  luminance and illuminance in the entire outdoor space).

b) We do not need any validations or research on this, if  you want to experience, look up above the sky during  dawn or dusk (Be there out in the open space at least 20  minutes prior to dusk or dawn hours)… 
c) Apart from the circadian alignment in few of the  employees / occupants, the enhanced improvement in the  behaviour and marked enhancements in the cognitive  skills were also noticeable. 
d) Lighting layout and the product design played a very  vital role in biophilic design. The sense of rejuvenation  was experienced by the occupants. 
e) Finally a bold and appropriate step towards the  contribution in circular economy while providing the  lights on the rental basis. 

6. Acknowledgements from the Client

The purpose of choosing an appropriate light and its effect  for any building (indoors), is not only the involvement of  commercial or technical aspects, but it’s the series of  physiological & neurobiological factors. The evident  incremental in cognitive performance, reduced stress, better  sleep nap & over all acknowledgement of impact of time  cues. The project’s lighting design was further complicated by its  ambitions for energy performance. DPA was seeking a  physiologists & psychologists feedback with a voluntary  system for wellness & health.  

We carried out the audit and the analysis for the same with  some of the toughest assessing parameters, and adherence to  CS026 With demands for quality visual ergonomics running  up against restrictive energy codes,  

DPA’s offices were precisely the kind of space that tests the  limits of conventional lighting. “If we went with traditional  recessed lighting, I knew we would have to compromise  somewhere.”  The research on wellness, health and physiology led DPA’s  team to consider Salvation series™, a new family of  recessed and suspended luminaries. My colleagues didn’t believe that a light can be a medicine  to keep us away from many of visual and non-visual impacts  on our health and body. They thought that the light is very bright and clean was the  only solution 

“People walk into our offices now and feel that they’re in  the most appropriate, productive, stress free (limbic) &  natural environment.”  As per Mr. Abay. R. K, the Managing Director of DPA  “Salavation series was the best investment we could have  made. This is the office Luminaire we’ve been waiting for.”

Volume 11 Issue 4, April 2022 
www.ijsr.net 
Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 
Paper ID: SR22416151122 DOI: 10.21275/SR22416151122 811

Composed by: “Girish Bhardwaj is an Inventor, Author, Entrepreneur, Engineer, Lighting Therapist, Educationist, Lighting and Wellbeing Advisor with the experience of 25 years!”
www.girishbh.com

The post GRB IJSR SALVATION office Light Case Study appeared first on InnoHEALTH magazine.

Amalgamation of biotechnological and information technology advancement in the 21st century has altered our world at the fundamental level which is evident in the area of health, manufacturing, and food security. Humankind has also witnessed malicious bugs like Y2K and Wanna cry in biological and cyber field respectively. We have reached new landmarks on our understanding of how biological systems work and also discovered ways to meaningfully manipulate these systems as per our advantage/ requirement. Biotech tools, such as gene drives, can deliberately engineer inheritable genetic traits into wild populations, offering a powerful new way to escape from certain vector-borne diseases.

Gene editing tools such as CRISPR-CAS9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats associated protein-9 nuclease) are being used globally for quick and precise gene editing. Researchers like to use computers to analyze DNA, operate lab machines and store genetic information. In the health sector, the digitization of biology & metabolic engineering accelerated the development of new vaccines, drugs, and painkillers. Agriculture is becoming smarter/digitized, with farmers relying on data-driven decision acquired through sensors planted in the ground, satellites guiding tractor movements and other new practices. But these emerging capabilities come with a whole new category of vulnerabilities and risks.

Also Read: IIT Kanpur Braces Up to Prevent Cyber Attacks

Over the last five years “technological barriers to acquire and use biological weapon has been significantly eroded.” The security impact of biotech advances goes beyond bioweapon. For example, developments in metabolic pathway engineering also offer opportunities to produce illegal drugs such as heroin. Scientists have already identified how to make the active compounds in other narcotics, such as for cannabis and precursors of LSD. What if a terrorist group or a despotic regime tries to spread modified organisms aimed at striking troops, frightening civilians, or putting food production in disarray? The failed attempt of Japanese cult to obtain Ebola strains from South Africa is one such indicator.

Recently Jean and coworkers (2018) highlighted the risks of using gene sequencing technologies to corrupt the databases by altering sequences or annotations. In this article, computer scientists designed a DNA sample that when sequenced, resulted in a data file which enabled the hacker to control the sequencing computer remotely and gave access to the hacker to make changes in DNA sequences. These alterations could delay a research program causing capital, labor loss or can be used in act of terrorism for uncontrolled production of toxins or infectious agents. To mitigate these risks, the culture of the life sciences community needs to shift from trusting blindly to a highly aware and trained community. This also requires intricate relationships between the computational and experimental dimensions of product development workflows.

The diverse nature of pathogens and toxins with their potential to be used as a biowarfare agent (BW) could be attributed to multiple factors. These include infectivity (the number of organisms required to cause disease), virulence (the severity of the disease caused), transmissibility (ease of spreading from person to person), and incubation period (the time from exposure of a biological agent to the onset of illness). All these attributes are manageable by modern biotechnology and information related to such experimentation trials is key to any covert attack using these for BW.

Similarly, in the cyber world, there is a diversity of malicious codes. These include viruses (programs that replicate in target machinery); worms (self-sustaining programs) and carriers such as a trojan horse to perform a legitimate function with malicious activity. Additionally, Botnets, or networks of computers infected with malicious code, can be coordinated to perform distributed denial of service attacks. For biological weapons, delivery vehicles range from advanced aerial spray technology to contamination of food products or water, while malicious code in cyberspace can be delivered by usage portals, email, web browsers, chat clients, web-enabled applications, and updates. The cyber threat has expanded dramatically in recent years with a series of damage. Terrorists are using cyber capabilities over traditional methods to target 104 countries including India.

Also Read: Time To Take Some Intelligent Decisions

Governments and security experts have singled out the life sciences sector as being significantly vulnerable to cybercrime. In cybersecurity terms, innovation is fast 50 Volume 3 | Issue 3 | July-September 2018 becoming a double-edged sword for life sciences clients. Recently FireEye disclosed the threat posed by two Advance Persistent Threat (APT) groups which gained access to the environment of a leading pharmaceutical company for up to three years prior to detection. They stole IP and business data from the victim, information on bio cultures, products, cost reports, and other details pertaining to the company’s operations abroad. There is nothing more important to a pharmaceutical organization than the formula for one of its new drugs.

For cyber biosecurity, employee training should be given priority. It can greatly increase an organization’s general awareness of these new risks. Similar to biosafety training, cybersecurity training modules and policies should be introduced. Secondly, organizations should perform a thorough analysis of its exposure to cyber biosecurity risks not covered by existing biosafety and biosecurity policies.

Training exercises based on this type of analysis will encourage participants to review their workflows and identify their vulnerabilities. It is high time now to evolve a policy framework to detect and prevent security threats that may compromise life sciences assets. It includes guidelines on synthetic DNA targeted companies that provide DNA synthesis services to monitor research focus and relates features.

Bioinformatics software is still not hardened against attack. Encouragement of widespread adoption of standard software best security practices like input sanitization, the use of memory safe languages or bounds checking at buffers, and regular security audits is necessary. Patching still remains challenging as the analysis software are often located in individually managed repositories and not regularly updated. One solution is to use a centralized repository to manage updates and deliver patches, similar to the APT package manager.

These could also be signed to ensure their authenticity. In the case of file sharing, the sequencing files themselves could be signed by verified research groups before uploading them to centralized databases. This is just the glimpse of the long list of strategies that need immediate deployment, continuous review, and improvement with time.

The post Cyber-Biosecurity: Are we ready? appeared first on InnoHEALTH magazine.