High blood Pressure Archives - InnoHEALTH magazine

Study: Awareness about Hypertension Very Low

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Wed, 24 Jul 2019 10:45:05 +0000

Hypertension, high blood pressure or BP, call it by any name; is a common condition which is caused by the force of blood against the artery walls.

A new study has highlighted the need for an intensive effort to improve upon hypertension awareness, care and control in the country especially for those in the most productive age group of 15–49 years, with emphasis on households with lower-income levels and those living in rural areas.

The study, which was based on the data collected under the National Health and Family Survey 2015–16 has found that efforts to tackle hypertension are lacking in all aspects, from screening for the condition and providing a diagnosis to the level of treatment given to the patients.

The data, for instance, showed that only three out of four people, who were found to have hypertension during the survey, had ever been checked for blood pressure earlier and only 45 percent of the hypertensive patients identified during the survey already knew that they suffered from blood pressure problem. Further, less than one in seven (13 percent) reported that they were under hypertensive medication and less than one in 10 (8 percent) had their blood pressure under control.

Significantly, contrary to general expectations, women had better control over their blood pressure than men. The analysis revealed that while 10.9 percent of hypertensive women were taking their medicine and had normal blood pressure; on the contrary, only 5.3 percent of hypertensive men did so.

The National Health and Family Welfare Survey had covered 731,864 individuals from twenty-nine states and seven union territories.

“Detection of hypertension is straightforward, treatments are simple yet effective, and hence hypertension can be easily controlled. However, India does not perform well in any of the measures of detection, treatment and control,” said Dr. Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Vice President, Research and Policy at PHFI and one of the authors of the study. “The new National Health Mission through the health and wellness clinics has the potential to address the issue.”

Dr. Lindsay Jaacks, another member of the research team, said, “we need demand-side interventions to raise awareness in India that hypertension is relatively easy and cheap to treat, and that keeping it under control can have huge benefits in terms of preventing heart attacks and stroke.”

Credits: India Science Wire

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Skin Patch to Detect ‘Silent’ Heart Attacks

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Fri, 11 May 2018 07:24:37 +0000

The death of his grandfather due to heart attack led Manoj Akash, a class 10th student of Ashok Leyland School in Hosur, Karnataka, to invent skin patch which has to be attached to the wrist or the back of the ear and it will release a small ‘positive’ electrical impulse, which will attract the negatively charged protein released by the heart to signal a heart attack. If the quantity of this protein – FABP3 — is high, the person must seek immediate medical attention.

Since class eight he started visiting the library of the Indian Institute of Science in Bengaluru – an hour away from his hometown. He could not afford expensive books and journals. Only option left to visit library for this enterprising adolescent who had an extra knack to comprehend complexities of cardiology just because of his penchant for the heart diseases studies. He was chosen for the President’s Innovation Scholar’s In-Residence Programme at Rashtrapati Bhavan.

The 16-year-old says that he investigated a novel concept that could potentially allow patients to detect silent heart attacks by non-invasively sensing the FABP3 biomarker in the bloodstream. ABP3 is a lightweight protein, releases quickly from heart muscle into the bloodstream during a heart attack, and therefore, it is an optimal cardiac diagnostic marker.

According to him, doctors may test a patient’s blood for FABP3. If he or she experiences characteristic symptoms like chest pain. However, not all heart attacks make themselves known through easily noticeable signs. Silent heart attacks, which are becoming increasingly common, are asymptomatic, making them more dangerous than conventional heart attacks.

Patients often “drop dead” while feeling completely normal. This collapse happened to my grandfather on July 3rd, 2015 which served as an impetus for me to find a solution to this problem. In these “silent” cases, doctors are unlikely to administer the crucial FABP3 blood test because there is no visible presentation of symptoms to warrant a diagnostic test. As a result, silent heart attacks go unnoticed.

“I realized that if at-risk patients could test themselves daily for the presence of FABP3 in their blood. They would have higher chances of detecting silent heart attacks as they occur. A method that allows daily self-testing would have to be non-invasive, safe, and easy to use. Ultimately, it would have to involve a transcutaneous blood analysis, which examines the contents of one’s blood without penetrating the skin.

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In searching for ways to tackle this challenging prospect. I examined the various distinguishing characteristics of blood proteins that would allow them to be identified transcutaneously. I found that proteins have distinctive masses and electric charges in blood.

So, I used a model to test whether different magnitudes of charged electricity. When applied to a thin area of skin, would isolate FABP3 from the other blood proteins and attract FABP3 to the capillary walls. My results showed that this is true.

This means that the technique that I investigated can potentially be coupled with transcutaneous UV-protein quantification to non-invasively measure the amount of FABP3 in a patient’s blood and alert him or her of a silent heart attack.”

Help Million Hearts Stay Healthy! Is his web page that narrates his vision.

He was frequenting scientific conventions to further his knowledge in the science field. Internet gave him a lot of insight, he admits Clinical trials for the medical device are on. And it could be approved for a human trial. The product would be fit to be launched in the market after two months of human trial, assuming nothing goes wrong.

“I have already filed for a patent and I would tie up with the department of biotechnology for the trial. I would want the Government of India to take the project instead of selling it to a private company because it is for the public good,” he says on his website.

To monitor, regular use small silicon patch stuck to your wrist or back of your ear. Whether there has been a heart attack instead of waiting for a doctor to prescribe a test.

The patch uses a positively charged electrical impulse to draw negatively charged —protein to the surface; If the amount of FABP3 is high, then the person would need immediate medical attention; Experts recommend to use the device twice a day. The product can soon be in the market. It would cost around R 900, cheaper than a glucometer symptoms at all.

Diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol levels all put you at risk of a silent heart attack, experts say. Having a silent heart attack puts people at a greater risk of having another heart attack, which could be fatal. Having another heart attack also increases the risk of complications, such as heart failure.

Chest pain, pain in the left arm or shortness is when of breath characterizes a silent heart attack. A silent heart attack may not show symptoms of chest pain and shortness of breath that doesn’t feel heart attack. Akash aims to study cardiology at the country’s premier All India Institute of Medical Sciences in Delhi.

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130 Mm Hg Is the New Reading for High B.P.

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Wed, 09 May 2018 06:22:08 +0000

According to American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guidelines, the high blood pressure is now defined as readings of 130 mm Hg and higher for the systolic blood pressure measurement, or readings of 80 and higher for the diastolic measurement. That is a change from the old definition of 140/90 and higher. Reflecting complications that can occur at those lower numbers. The category of pre-hypertension eliminates in the first update to comprehensive U.S. guidelines on blood pressure detection and treatment since 2003.

Also Read: Insomnia – A Short Communication Study

High blood pressure should treat earlier with lifestyle changes. And in some patients with medication – at 130/80 mm Hg rather than 140/90, according to the first comprehensive new high blood pressure guidelines in more than a decade.

The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC) are publishing the guidelines for detection, prevention, management and treatment of high blood pressure. The guidelines were presented on November 13, 2017, at the Association’s 2017 Scientific Sessions conference in Anaheim, the premier global cardiovascular science meeting for the exchange of the latest advances in cardiovascular science for researchers and clinicians.

Rather than 1 in 3 U.S. adults having high blood pressure (32 percent) with the previous definition. The new guidelines will result in nearly half of the adult population (46 percent) having high blood pressure, or hypertension. However, there will only be a small increase in the number of U.S. adults. They will require anti-hypertensive medication, authors said.

These guidelines, the first update to offer comprehensive guidance to doctors on managing adults with high blood pressure since 2003, designs to help people address the potentially deadly condition much earlier.

The new guidelines stress the importance of using proper technique to measure blood pressure. Blood pressure levels should be based on an average of 2-3 readings on at least two different occasions, authors said.

High blood pressure accounts for the second largest number of preventable heart disease and stroke deaths, second only to smoking. It’s known as the “silent killer”. Because often there are no symptoms, despite its role in significantly increasing the risk for heart disease and stroke.

Paul K. Whelton, M.B., M.D., M.Sc., lead author of the guidelines published in the American Heart Association journal, Hypertension and the Journal of the American College of Cardiology, noted the dangers of blood pressure levels between 130- 139/80-89 mm Hg.

“You’ve already doubled your risk of cardiovascular complications compared to those with a normal level of blood pressure,” he said. “We want to be straight with people. If you already have a doubling of risk, you need to know about it. It doesn’t mean you need medication. But it’s a yellow light that you need to be lowering your blood pressure, mainly with non-drug approaches.”

Blood pressure categories in the new guideline are:

• Normal: Less than 120/80 mm Hg;
• Elevated: Top number (systolic) between 120-129 and the bottom number (diastolic) less than 80;
• Stage 1: Systolic between 130- 139 or diastolic between 80-89;
• Stage 2: Systolic at least 140 or diastolic at least 90 mm Hg;
• Hypertensive crisis: Top number over 180 and/or bottom number over 120, with patients needing prompt changes in medication. If there are no other indications of problems, or immediate hospitalization if there are signs of organ damage.

The new guidelines eliminate the category of pre-hypertension, which was used for blood pressures with a top number (systolic) between 120-139 mm Hg or a bottom number (diastolic) between 80-89 mm Hg. People with those readings now will be categorized as having either Elevated (120-129 and less than 80) or Stage I hypertension (130-139 or 80-89).

Previous guidelines classified 140/90 mm Hg as Stage 1 hypertension. This level is classified as Stage 2 hypertension under the new guidelines.

The impact of the new guidelines expects to be greatest among younger people. The prevalence of high blood pressure expects to triple among men under age 45. And double among women under 45 according to the report.

After blood pressure elevates, blood vessels begin damage soon, said Whelton. He is the Show Chwan professor of global public health at Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine and School of Medicine in New Orleans. “If you’re only going to focus on events that ignore the process when it’s beginning. The risk is already going up as you get into your 40s.”

The guidelines stress the importance of home blood pressure monitoring using validated devices. And appropriate training of healthcare providers to reveal “white-coat hypertension,” which occurs when pressure elevates in a medical setting but not in everyday life. Home readings can also identify “masked hypertension,” when pressure is normal in a medical setting. But elevated at home, thus necessitating treatment with lifestyle and possibly medications.

“People with white-coat hypertension do not seem to have the same elevation in risk as someone with true sustained high blood pressure,” Whelton said. “Masked hypertension is more sinister and very important to recognize because these people seem to have a similar risk as those with sustained high blood pressure.”

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Vitamin D deficiency – A 'Silent Epidemic'

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Tue, 27 Mar 2018 10:32:26 +0000

Due to adoption of urban lifestyles, vitamin D deficiency has reached epidemic proportions; 90% of patients we see are severely vitamin D deficient. The issue with Vitamin D deficiency is that patient complaints are extremely vague and possible to be missed by most doctors and sometimes even patients may not report them putting them down to the general wear and tear of life. Some can, however, get severe symptoms including stress fractures as well as neurological symptoms. Studies have shown that vitamin D decreases the risk by half in certain forms of Cancer like Colon and Breast Cancer. People with deficiency have been shown to have significantly higher incidences of various neurological disorders like Dementia, Depression, Multiple sclerosis, Psychosis and even Schizophrenia. The biggest plus point is that people who have good vitamin D levels have a much lower risk of developing Type 2 Diabetes, which is another epidemic we are facing in urban India.

Vitamin D plays another important role; boosting the immune system. Multiple studies have shown that people with high vitamin D levels are less likely to get Influenza and Flu like infections. Other less well established but actively under research benefits of Vitamin D includes protection against heart disease, high blood pressure and Autoimmune Disorders. Vitamin D supplementation is a no-brainer. Supplementation is extremely easy and after an initial weekly dose can be consumed once a month. However, you can obtain it naturally; the only problem lies in the consistency of sun exposure. To obtain a day of sufficient vitamin D supply, you have to spend time in direct sunlight, approximately between 60 and 120 minutes with 30% body surface exposed.

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Sudden cardiac arrest is more dangerous than heart attack

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Mon, 12 Mar 2018 10:23:04 +0000

We often hear of people dying in sleep. But, do we have an understanding of what can cause this sudden death? In most cases, the cause is sudden cardiac arrest due to an undetected heart rhythm disorder, or an underlying coronary artery disease.

In India, however, there is limited awareness both among people and healthcare providers about mechanisms needed to be adopted to reduce risk of sudden cardiac death and save lives.

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There is a need to talk about the importance of timely identifying and treating patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death.

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is defined as death which occurs within one hour of onset of symptoms due to cardiac causes. In USA about 350,000 deaths occur every year which are sudden. While we do not have consolidated statistics for India, clinical evidence suggests the numbers of people dying a sudden death due to heart ailments is high. Most important cause of sudden death in India is coronary heart disease or artery blockage but very few people understand the concept of sudden cardiac death or do anything to mitigate their risks.

In many cases, especially in smaller towns patients do not report fainting episodes, and carry on with their lives after regaining consciousness. There could be several reasons for a person passing out including a heart rhythm disorder coming from lower chambers of heart which can turn fatal if ignored. If the predictors are detected on time, the sudden cardiac arrest can be prevented by implanting a pacemaker-like device called ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) under the skin (usually below the collarbone) to send life-saving electrical signals that bring the heart back to a normal rhythm whenever abnormal heart rhythm is detected.

If you have a history of coronary artery disease, a record of high blood pressure or cholesterol, or a tendency towards diabetes or obesity, you are at a higher risk of sudden cardiac arrest. People who smoke, have family history of irregular heart rhythm or sudden cardiac death are other groups who have higher chance of sudden cardiac death.

Also, chances of sudden cardiac arrest are higher in people whose ejection fraction is less than 35% or who have history of fainting intermittently. Ejection fraction is a measure of the heart’s pumping power. A healthy person’s ejection fraction ranges between 60-70%. This is diagnosed on performing ECHO.

A sudden cardiac arrest occurs when the electrical impulse system of the heart malfunctions, disrupting regular heartbeat. It is more dangerous that heart attack because the rate of survival in case of sudden cardiac arrest is very low. Implanting an ICD in persons at high risk of sudden cardiac arrest can save lives. The key lies in improving identification of persons at high risk and recommending them for ICD implantation in time. Another important aspect of prevention is preventing coronary artery disease.

The single most important and cost-effective way to prevent sudden cardiac death is to prevent damage to heart which occurs due to heart attacks caused by blockages in the arteries. Cardiovascular disease is a huge health burden in India, magnified by the changing lifestyles, increase in sedentary jobs and lack of physical activity.

How to Reduce the Risk of Sudden Cardiac Arrest:
Control your weight: People who are over overweight especially at the abdomen have high risk of cardiovascular disease. Control diabetes, hypertension and LDL. Diabetes, hypertension and bad cholesterol magnify risk of both coronary artery disease and sudden cardiac arrest.
Exercise: 45 minutes of moderate daily exercise, at least 5 days a week, performing yoga or meditation, will go a long way to prevent heart attacks & sudden cardiac death.
Avoid Smoking: Smoking increases risk of coronary heart disease by narrowing arteries over a sustained period of time. Quitting immediately cuts the risk.
Managing heart health: People who already have suffered damage to their left ventricle (Ejection Fraction 35 % or less) can prevent sudden death by implantation of small pacemaker like device called ICD. ICD is highly effective device which can revive more than 95% of victims who suffer from cardiac arrest.

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Food for thought

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Thu, 01 Feb 2018 06:41:42 +0000

How important is your Mental health for your physical performance

By Edwina Coram

Do you have days when your mind feels foggy; when you can’t seem to think straight or concentrate on anything no matter how hard you try? If your answer is yes, then it might be time to re-evaluate your diet and daily habits.

Some things that we do deplete the body’s system and in turn will affect the ability to think clearly and concentrate. Not eating regular healthy meals can be a drain on the brain, affecting your ability to focus without becoming distracted.

Iron is essential for the transportation of oxygen to the brain, too little iron in your diet means that the brain literally suffocates. Inadequate oxygen supply prevents cells from converting glucose and other calorie containing foods to energy, quick enough to meet your cellular needs. In such case, many cell functions will either slow down or stop altogether. Leaving you feeling tired, and irritable. You may also find it difficult to think clearly or concentrate.

Smoking has similar adverse effects. The nicotine in tobacco smoke constricts the blood vessels and interferes with circulation. This can gradually reduce the number of brain cells, increasing free radicals. These in turn, damage the whole system, due to oxygen deprivation. Again this can make feel sluggish and will also be a burden on your immune system.

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Acute or chronic stress can also result in the inability to concentrate and thus reduce the effect of short-term memory. Likewise, high blood pressure is linked to reduced attention span and memory loss. Concentration can further be affected by lack of physical exercise and obesity.

Smartening up your diet

If you want to restore you concentration and memory skills then a good place to start is with your diet. Mental performance and relaxation can both be improved by choosing the right combination of foods.

Foods rich in iron include whole grains, beans, and fortified cereals. Though these are generally more difficult to absorb than animal sources, vitamin C will help enhance your intake, so you should consider including sources such as citrus fruit, strawberries, red peppers, broccoli, potatoes, watermelon, cantaloupe, cauliflower, and kiwis in your meal.

There are two amino acids in the brain (L-tryptophan and L-tyrosine) which compete with each other to control brain function. The brain uses L-tyrosine to synthesize neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine. Both these chemicals are essential to the processes of alertness, clear thinking and concentration. L-tyrosine production is stimulated by protein rich foods such as beans, nuts and soya. The brain uses L-tryptophan to synthesize the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is responsible for relaxation and satiety and slowing down reaction time. L-tryptophan production is stimulated by foods such as sunflower seeds, milk and carbohydrate rich food. Because these chemicals compete with each other, if you want to stay focused and alert throughout the day, then the best thing it to eat protein rich foods. That way L-tyrosine will reach the brain first, thus keeping your mental performance at maximum potential.

If you don’t allow your body a chance to self-cleanse then poor concentration and fatigue can become daily problems. You can help your body relieve itself of toxins by adjusting your dietary routine. Including alfalfa sprouts soybeans, brown rice, sesame salt, miso, and sea vegetables can help to clear toxins from your body and enervate your digestive and metabolic processes.

Adding friendly microflora to your digestive system by eating yogurt or probiotic supplements can also help to detoxify your system and prevent buildup of damaging bacteria in the intestines.

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There are also a number of herbal drinks, which are nutritious as well as helpful for detoxification processes. Dandelion, licorice root, yellow dock root, milk thistle, red clover and burdock root taken in extract or tablet form will each help to remove toxins from the body and boost the immune system. Lemon, beet, carrot, wheat grass and the juices of all leafy greens are the best juices for purifying the blood because as they help to build up essential nutrients.

Several mini-meals and snack throughout the day rather than a few large meals with long intervals will help your metabolism function better by balancing nutrients and keeping the brain supplied with oxygen. A moderate meal every four hours is adequate to balance brain chemical and improve mood and blood sugar levels. But don’t be tempted to nibble, this will lead to craving and gorging and will disrupt concentration further. It is also beneficial to increase your water intake to at least 6 glasses daily, and to limit caffeine (coffee, tea, and coke) to two beverages per day. Remember, if you are consuming less than 2,500 calories daily then it is advisable to at least consider taking a moderate vitamin supplement, but don’t be tempted to use supplements as replacements for nutritious foods.

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FETAL MEDICINE TREATMENT

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Wed, 03 Jan 2018 07:59:37 +0000

Fetal medicine makes treatment of abnormalities in the unborn child possible

Medical advancements in heart treatments have taken giant steps and is poised to treat congenital problems in the heart of a fetus today. However, due to a severe lack of awareness in India about what problems can be detected at fetal stages, expectant mothers are in oblivion about the health of their unborn child. This leads to an uniformed decision and many children are born with challenges that could have been detected and treated even before they were born.

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In India where Fetal medicine is still an upcoming discipline, the pregnant women aren’t much aware about its scope from diagnosis to therapy. Fetal medicine pertains to the use of Ultrasound, genetic tests, MRI etc. in the pregnancy period to determine the health of the newborn. Though fetal experts in India usually restrict themselves to treating complications of Identical twins, bladder outlet obstruction , fetal anaemia , the horizon for diagnosis has touched the Western mark. The motive is diagnosis of birth and chromosomal defects as early as possible so as to offer a fair chance to the couple on deciding fate of pregnancy. Fetal echo-cardiography is one worth mentioning which can pick up most early manifesting cardiac problems in the unborn in expert hands.

Fetal medicine practitioners try to spread awareness and say that one needs to see a fetal medicine specialist if they have any of the following conditions:

• Recurrent pregnancy loss/ death of baby in womb/death immediately after birth or delivery before date.
• Mothers who’s blood group is Rh negative
• Known genetic disease in family
• Pregnancy with previous child or family member affected by thalassemia/ haemophilia etc
• Pregnancy with h/o fever with rash/chickenpox
• Pregnancy with Diabetes/high BP/heart disease//Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Sjogren’s syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis
• Pregnancy with hepatitis/ cancer/seizure/organ transplant
• Pregnancy with slow growth of fetus.
• Pregnancy with previous history of structural defect in the baby in previous pregnancy or in the family
• Pregnancy with previous history of mental retardation or heart defects in previous pregnancy or in the family
• IVF conceived pregnancy

Latest studies reveal that approximately 3-4% of pregnancies are diagnosed with a fetal defect. This can either be a genetic defect or a structural defect. With a lack of awareness in mothers; lack of exact diagnosis and monitoring this can result in a severe mental or physical handicap in a new-born and can prove to be traumatic for the family and pose a significant mental burden on the new mother. So India, now is the time to look up, ask and use the available expertise to join hands for the healthy next generation.

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