Eligibility and benefits of the scheme:
1. The benefit of cover Rs. 5 lakh per family per year. More than 10 crore families belonging to poor and vulnerable population based on SECC database will be the target beneficiaries of the scheme.
2. The cover will take care of almost all secondary care and most tertiary care procedures.
3. Under this project, the entitlement will be decided on the basis of deprivation criteria in the SECC database. The different categories in rural area include families having only one room with Kucha walls and kucharoof; families having no adult member between age 16 to 59; female-headed households with no adult male member between age 16 to 59; disabled member and no able-bodied adult member in the family; SC/ST households; and landless households deriving major part of their income from manual casual labour, as mentioned on the official website of Ayushman Bharat scheme-abnhpm.gov.in.
4. Automatically included families in rural areas having any one of the following: households without shelter, destitute, living on alms, manual scavenger families, primitive tribal groups, legally released bonded labor, will also come under this scheme. For urban areas, 11 defined occupational categories will be entitled under the scheme.
5. There will be no restriction on family size, age, and gender under ‘Ayushman Bharat’ scheme to ensure that nobody is left out (especially women, children and elderly).
6. Under this scheme, the treatment in case of hospitalization will be free of cost for the family.
7. All pre-existing conditions will be covered from day one of the policy. The benefits cover will include pre and post hospitalization.
8. The beneficiary will be able to go to public or empaneled private hospitals across the country and get free treatment.
9. The beneficiary will only need to carry any prescribed ID to receive treatment at the hospital.
10. According to Dr. Dharminder Nagar, MD, Paras Healthcare, “Government is acting strongly and actively in making ‘Ayushman Bharat’ a reality.  PM’s announcement of rolling the policy under ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya’ through a technologically driven transparent platform speaks of government’s vision. We hope that Ayushman Bharat paves way for a concerted effort on improving country’s healthcare facilities.”

Researchers from the California Academy of Sciences, North Carolina State University, and the Natural History Museum of Denmark published findings recently in Scientific Reports revealing that a greater number of bug species can be found in high-traffic, ground level, carpeted rooms with many windows and doors. (And a word of comfort for pet owners with messy habits: don’t worry, bugs don’t really care.)

“We are just beginning to realize— and study—how the home we create for ourselves also builds a complex, indoor habitat for bugs and other life,” says Dr. Misha Leong, lead author and postdoctoral researcher at the Academy. “We’re hoping to better understand this age-old coexistence, and how it may impact our physical and mental well-being.”

Humans spend most of their time indoors. Aside from pests, most life within the home—be it bacteria, fungi, or arthropods (a group that includes insects and their close relatives like spiders and millipedes)—has rarely been studied. The scientific team surveyed 50 urban homes in Raleigh, North Carolina to see what it is about a home that might lead to a buggier abode.

FROM THE ATTIC TO THE BASEMENT

Next time you climb the stairs, remember that insects, too, prefer lower levels. Survey findings revealed that as floor numbers increase, fewer types of insects thrive. Larger rooms, especially on the ground floor (or even below ground), harbored more insect diversity. More varied types of insects were also observed in carpeted rooms versus those with bare floors as well as “airier” rooms with more windows and doors offering greater accessibility to the outdoors. Species diversity within the home tends to mirror the life thriving outside, with neighborhood affluence playing an important and recently studied role.

“While the idea of uninvited insect roommates sounds unappealing, bugs in houses may contribute to health in a roundabout way,” says Dr. Michelle Trautwein, senior author and the Academy’s Schlinger Chair of Diptera. “A growing body of evidence suggests some modern ailments are connected with our lack of exposure to wider biological diversity, particularly microorganisms— and insects may play a role in hosting and spreading that microbial diversity indoors.”

ROOM TO ROOM

Bugs can also vary from room to room. An analysis of core representative species—like book lice, fruit flies, and ladybugs—revealed how common areas like living rooms hosted more diverse communities when compared to bathrooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. Basements also proved unique: these dark, damp, and cavernous spaces lent to diverse communities of caved welling insects like spiders, mites, millipedes, camel crickets, and ground beetles.

Every room within the home revealed a complex ecological structure of predator and prey— with scavenger species, strays from the outdoors, and transient go-among all playing critical roles. The study also noted how indoor ecology is much like island ecology—a scientific discipline that examines what lives where, and why. Once species permeate inside, they tend to colonize their new “island” habitat and disperse across the household.

“We’re beginning to see how houses can be a passive go-between for insects traveling through the surrounding landscape,” says Trautwein. “The more numerous the entry points of windows and doors, the more diverse the community that thrives inside.”

No need to de-clutter; cats and pups are a-ok For the messy among us, rest assured: study findings revealed that tidiness does not play a significant role in insect diversity except for the presence of cellar spiders—delicate, long legged critters of the family Pholcidae typically spotted in damp crawl spaces. While more cluttered areas hosted a greater number of these web-spinners, overall human behavior played a minimal role in determining the composition of bug communities in the survey.

The presence of cats or dogs, houseplants, pesticides, and dust bunnies revealed no significant impact, suggesting that our indoor communities are more strongly influenced by the environment outside the window than how tidily we live inside with Fido and Kitty.

“Even though we like to think of our homes as shielded from the outdoors, wild ecological dramas may be unfolding right beside us as we go about our daily lives,” says Leong. “We’re learning more and more about these sometimes invisible relationships and how the homes we choose for ourselves also foster indoor ecosystems all their own.”

This study is part of a seven-continent exploration to understand overlooked life in the home: how our tiniest roommates arrive and thrive, and the unknown impacts—both harmful and benign—that stem from living together in close quarters.

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Read all the issues of InnoHEALTH magazine:
InnoHEALTH Volume 1 Issue 1 (July to September 2016) – https://goo.gl/iWAwN2
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InnoHEALTH Volume 2 Issue 1 (January to March 2017) – https://goo.gl/DEyKnw
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InnoHEALTH Volume 3 Issue 1 (January to March 2018) – https://goo.gl/fksdQx
InnoHEALTH Volume 3 Issue 2 (April to June 2018) – https://goo.gl/grbtRo

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