Chronic Disease Archives - InnoHEALTH magazine

Health and Oral Health Diseases

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Thu, 14 Nov 2019 11:06:01 +0000

Well, many of them must be wondering how that can be possible. But if we look over the past 2-3 decades, the mortality rate has increased to its next level, obesity being one of the rising causes. In 1990, the World Health Organization considered obesity as a global epidemic. And guess who made it go globally that vast? We humans did. Irregular eating habits, irregular sleep patterns, stressful life and not maintaining overall health is leading to an unsatisfactory life.

Talking about obesity, what is more important for the body? Nutritionist are vital to human development and maintaining health. 7 essential nutrients a body needs are water, carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, fats, vitamins, minerals and omega-3 fatty acids.

Also Read: Super Foods For Your Diet This Winter

What exactly is obesity and why is it an important topic that everyone should be aware of? In simple terms, it means abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. And it is an important concept in our day-to-day lives because of health consequences. Thus, in today’s generation an individual’s life is more interconnected to one’s personality, lifestyle, socioeconomic status, and social interactions.

Recently heard of benign obesity? It is a term sometimes used to describe a condition in which an individual is overweight or obese but does not suffer from any co-morbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension etc. Our daily lifestyle choices have a direct connection to whether or not a person is prone to facing obesity.

Also Read: Cover Your Ears on Public Transport

Asking about if obesity is hereditary? Then, genes aren’t the most worrisome risk of obesity. An individual’s upbringing can be, the way the family raises, the daily food intake, importance placed on physical activity and how a person would take their behaviour model, are the bigger influences on likelihood of obesity than genes. Health is not valued till sickness comes, true isn’t? Obesity is not because it runs in the family!! It is because no one runs in the family!!!

Today, more than 95% of all chronic diseases is caused by food choice. Yes,being overweight is linked to a number of health and oral health diseases, including: heart disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, gallbladder and gallstones, breathing problems, such as sleep apnea (when a person stops breathing for a short time during sleep) and asthma, oral health problems such as caries, halitosis, poor oral hygiene, periodontal disease. Symptoms for obesity include breathlessness, Increased sweating, snoring, inability to cope with sudden physical activity, feeling tired, back and joint pain, low confidence and self-esteem, and feeling isolated.

Also Read: Exclusive interview with Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan

After being aware of the risks, proper health and oral hygiene should be maintained. And why is maintaining diet an important factor? Because a poor diet may result in lack of essential nutrients and vitamins thus potentially making it more difficult for your body to fight off an infection. A diet high in fat and calories, including large quantities of processed foods or sugar, and lack of physicalactivity, leads to obesity. Those same foods can cause oral health problems including gum disease, premature tooth loss and bad breath Our body craves for what is in our bloodstream. Wheat, sugar, alcohol, coffee and de-vitalized foods are designed to be addictive. Sugar being addictive – agreed. But how does sugar affect an individual’s health and oral health? Well, consuming sugar is bad for an individual, but consuming too much has become a norm and that can cause health issues. The only type of sugar the body needs is glucose, which it can make by breaking down carbohydrates, proteins and fats. When ingested, simple sugars are converted into plaque if not removed immediately. As plaque begins to accumulate on our teeth and gums, the risk of varying forms of gum diseases such a gingivitis and periodontitis, as well as tooth decay, may become inevitable.

In 2018, a study revealed that 170 children and young people have rotten teeth removed every day, undergoing general anaesthesia. That’s an unpleasant operation that is completely avoidable; we have got a lot of evidence to show that the main cause is excessive sugar. There are also links with type 2 diabetes, usually chronic disease seen in adults, but we are seeing more and more under the age of 25 these days.

Also Read: A Right Gesture Saves Life

So, what an oral health care professional should be aware of? Dentists must be aware of how nutrition impacts general and oral health, and how dental treatment can impact patient’s nutritional status. Oral health is strongly influenced by the daily intake of food; on the other hand, oral health can also play a significant role in nutritional intake and general health status. The dental caries is also a chronic disease and may be depend on oral hygiene, high intake of sugar added to food, lifestyle factor, and host factors (salivary flow, buffer capacity and buccal microflora). Relationship between obesity and gum disease – we actually don’t know if this is a one-way or a two-way street. For example, conditions like diabetes, the relationship is bilateral. Periodontal disease will affect diabetes and diabetes will worsen periodontal disease, so that could be a possibility here. What are the other reasons of obesity affecting gums and what would be its risk factors? Because of various dietary habits and improper maintenance of oral hygiene, chronic periodontal infection is an inflammatory state that is described by a deviation in microbial environment and composition of subgingival plaque bio films and accelerated destruction of tooth supporting structures. Thus, low glycaemic diet may be beneficial to our oral health. Periodontal diseases are also influenced by various risk factors including aging, smoking, oral hygiene, socio-economic status, psycho social stress, osteopenia, osteoporosis and various systemic diseases, which signifies that periodontitis does not merely occur as a consequence of plaque deposition but is also coupled with various other host factors. Also, on examination, obese adolescents exhibited multiple carious teeth, higher plaque index, gingival inflammation, bleeding on probing and probing depth compared to normal weight subjects of similar age.

Also Read: Minds of Medalists behind their Medals

An obese patient, whose lungs are often not large enough to lift heavy chest walls, can have trouble during breathing, especially when active. Also, during sleep the person might breathe through his/her mouth instead of nose, thus jaw is forced into an unnatural position for a longer period of time. This can lead to teeth grinding and development of an overbite, over jet or spacing between the anterior teeth.How can we, as dentists, help the obese patients? Dentists should include the evaluation of BMI in routine patient examination and eventually refer obese periodontal adolescents for weight reduction interventions like diet therapy, behavioural therapy, pharmacotherapy, so that they can have better control over periodontal inflammation.What are the practical considerations in dentistry? It can be difficult carrying out dental care for an obese patient: the maximum lifting weight for modern dental chair is approximately 140kg (23 stones). The position of anatomical landmarks may be less obvious if surrounded by fatty tissue, the landmarks for placement of an inferior alveolar nerve block can be impossible to palpate through excess soft tissue. It may be impossible to palpate cervical lymph nodes in a large neck. Also due to constant secretion of saliva, the mouth and teeth are rinsed and kept free off food debris and foreign particles, thus excess of buccal pad of fat hinders with self-cleansing action in the mouth. Because of lack of saliva present in the mouth, it can lead to dry mouth. Sip water frequently throughout the day and use alcohol-free antiseptic mouthwash daily for cure. A normal sized mirror is unsafe for retraction of soft tissues: a ‘lax’ tongue retractor can be useful.What is the alternative to conventional dental chair? Refer the patient to the hospital environment where the patient may be treated on an operating table or trolley. Another possible solution for obese patients is a custom-made chair such as DIACO dental chair. What is the difficulty faced during conscious sedation? When thinking about conscious sedation for obese patients, the potential difficulties in airway management and intravenous cannulation should be considered. The provision of inhalation sedation with nitrous oxide during which oxygen levels are maintained at or above 30% may be more appropriate. If intravenous sedation with midazolam is proposed, the overall benefit to the patient must be carefully weighed up against the increased likelihood of significant respiratory depression and the difficulties in managing a respiratory complication. New research suggests that the health of your mouth mirrors the condition of your body as a whole. A healthy smile can surely transform our visual appearance and the positivity of our mind-set.

‘Eat every two hours, sleep eight hours, have plenty of water and pray to keep calm. Most importantly, carry a smile on your face.’

About the author

Dr. Vishaj S. Maru is a dental surgeon. She studied dentistry at the D.Y. Patil School of Dentistry. She does clinical practice in Mumbai with a keen interest in academia and clinical dentistry.

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Did you know that one student commits suicide every hour in India?

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Thu, 02 May 2019 11:09:30 +0000

Mind Matters
“Found hanging from the ceiling fan, she was still wearing her dancing shoes.”

As likely as this line is to come from fiction, it can find a place in a real death report. Teenage suicide. Did you know that one student commits suicide every hour in India? Often in disbelief, parents of these victims cannot find reasons for such an ‘extreme step’ in their seemingly normal lives.

Have you ever found your mind playing tricks on you? The devil on your shoulder telling you how unworthy you are, how useless your life is? You are not alone. Many people that you see around you might have felt the same way at some point or the other.

Data Speaks Loudly

Mental illness contributes to 7% of the global average disease burden. The number of suicides in India is double than the global average of 11 persons per 100,000 population annually. Mental maladies affect about 15% of Indian (and world) population as per latest estimates. One in six people are victims of mental illness. Depression and anxiety disorders alone affect around 8% of us.

Among the young, suicide is the third biggest killer, with depression the leading cause of early-age disability globally. In fact, mental disorders are thought to affect younger people than statistics suggest.

It’s Complicated

People experiencing mental disorders resort to one of several coping strategies: discussing the problem with friends or family, social isolation to escape being noticed, or camouflage true emotions into acceptable actions for fear of being judged or abandoned. Unfortunately, the latter two are more popular, driving forces being social stigma and taboo. There is little or no support to sufferers and their families. Surveys reveal that society even feels fearful of the sufferers!

Undoubtedly, behaviors that indicate mental disturbances can sometimes be hard to pinpoint, passed as the simple quirkiness of character than a disorder of the mind. But is the matter really that straightforward?

Lurking Around Dark Corners

As a society, we are usually shocked at the news of successful, high-performing, wealthy young individuals killing themselves. Celebrities like yesteryears’ actor Guru Dutt and Miss India 1997 turned VJ Nafisa Joseph took their own lives over strained personal relationships. On the other hand, when farmers drowning in debt kill themselves, the reasons are evident and understandable. Similarly, while some mental illnesses are conspicuous, others are not.

People closest to us know us the best; be it our habits, mood swings or fetishes. Yet, in this fast-paced life in the 21st century, signs of distress escape the friendly radars of our loved ones and our own selves. Besides the lack of free time, our reluctance to understand these complex phenomena, ignorance and social stigma worsen the situation for sufferers. Depressive bouts are confused with laziness, anxiety simply called lack of focus and attention deficit equated to incompetence. Such labels make a negative impact, especially on the young impressionable minds. In fact, half of all mental illnesses begin even before the age of fourteen!

Is It All In Our Heads?

Brains are complex machines. Scientists have been studying it for years to find neuropsychological causes and genetic bases of mental illnesses, which are many- depression, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, cognitive disability and so on. To understand where the problems lie, researchers dive deep into the workings of the brain. The clockwork includes a huge repertoire of chemical and electrical signals that pass between connected brain cells called neurons. Imbalances in signals between or within different parts of the brain result in myriad mental anomalies.

Anxiety is a result of an over-active amygdala- the fear center of the brain, resulting from an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory signals for this area, making sufferers more nervous and fearful than normal people. Severe anxiety disorders such as panic and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involve the same parts of the brain, only different disturbances in the ongoing signaling.

Depression, on the other hand, appears to be more complex. Firstly, the levels of chemical signals (neurotransmitters) called serotonin and dopamine are abnormal. Serotonin signals well-being and happiness to our brains while dopamine induces motivation. Secondly, the brain tissue is sometimes shrunken. Third, the ability to form new neurons and connections or repair and modify old ones is impaired. Lastly, immunity modulators called cytokines, which induce sickness behavior like staying indoors, sleeping a lot and generally, low energy levels are found in excessively high amounts in depressed individuals. Cytokine signaling is in fact elevated under chronic stress. Though depression manifests as slow behavioral changes that evade our observation, often simply under the cloak of sadness, it is a serious medical issue.

These findings imply that maladies of the mind are just like those of the body, say cancer or diabetes- complex diseases that manifest upon an interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental triggers- preventable, manageable, treatable. Basically, balanced neurological circuitry is essential for mental health.

Interestingly, we have also witnessed that most people tide over adversities, but some are unable to- not every victim of bullies becomes mentally ill. What determines mental resilience? Environment? Education? Or simply will power? Studies suggest that a feeling of security, purpose in life and positive experiences are the foundations to mental resilience. The sooner one starts building it, the better, but there is never a wrong time to build resilience. These building blocks are present both within and around us.

Happiness is Health

Preventing chronic negative thoughts is the key to a healthy mind. Children especially need to be allowed more leisure time. Physical activities like exercise, sports and dancing are known to release feel-good hormone endorphin which benefits the brain. Pursuing hobbies, activities that make you happy or fulfilled and content can keep you motivated in low phases of life, teaching you to celebrate little victories. A hearty laugh works the same way.

Invest time in friends and family. Talking to and confiding in someone trustworthy helps you create a support system that you can summon in times of distress or crises. Give the children around you their due time and attention. Cuddling with a pet and playing with kids generates oxytocin- the bonding hormone. Above all, sleep well, for it helps your body and mind heal itself. Rejuvenate them both time to time using tools like meditation to keep serotonin and dopamine balanced.

If circumstances still catch you unaware, know that help is out there, if not in your home, at the touch of a button. Mental health foundations and support groups are at your disposal if only you call them for help. Phone helplines and online counseling portals like “Type a Thought” and “mystruggles.in” – that keep your identity anonymous, exist to resolve your distress. Sometimes simply talking to friends or family is enough to help you tide through. If none of the above helps, tap into professional psychiatrists. Taking medication to relieve yourself of sickness is not a shame. Do you think twice before taking a pill for cold? You might not even need medication. Interventions like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) can help you learn new thinking patterns, overcoming anxiety and fear.

If only we as a community realize that mental illnesses are not chosen by those who are ill, like any other ailment, and fulfill our roles as parents, teachers, and caregivers, healthy and happy youth is not a distant dream. If only we would give children enough time, attention and affection, they would not grow up as broken individuals. If only we learn to ask “How are you?” and really mean it; if only someone were to ask us “Are you alright?” at our most terrible times; if only we accepted the differences among people; if only no one shamed the fat teenager; if only we didn’t burden our children with our ambitions and expectations (and maybe instead followed them ourselves), we could save lakhs of lives. And that would be a life worth living. Wouldn’t it?

We must remember, childhood and adolescence are tender, confusing and ruthless, all at the same time. Young minds need a sense of belonging, affection, and appreciation to grow up normally with nurture, cautious prodding and guidance at every step. This journey translates into meaning and purpose around which their entire adult life would revolve. Many mental illness victims report feeling unloved, unnoticed, or worse – blamed, bullied, beaten and shamed as a youth. So, if we want to save more people from mental disorders, the younger we catch them, the better.

About the Author

Nishtha Bhargava is a Senior Research Fellow at CSIR-IGIB. When not in the lab, she likes to listen and dance to her favorite music, read books and dream about the future. She believes animals, children, and drunk people never lie and that science has the power to change the world.

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Insomnia – A Short Communication Study

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Tue, 15 May 2018 05:15:52 +0000

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Dr Tinni Dutta at Asutosh College, Kolkata, is eminent Psychologist and a famous educationist. Greatly appreciated her research work in India and aboard. She has visited U.S.A, U.K, Switzerland, France, Germany, Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia. She is a recipient of many awards and fellowship.

The impact of stress on physical health varies between diseases. Chronic or severe stress can lead to a variety of mental health problems-post traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, depression, insomnia and different types of psychosomatic disorder. The field of sleep disorder medicine has progressed to a great extent. Sedatives, Hypnotics and Anxiolytics are used for ameliorating these symptoms. But medicine alone cannot do much. Urgent counselling is needed in Yoga and meditations, as we find in DSM V (Diagnostic Criteria) sleep-wake disorders are intended for use by general mental health and medical clinicians.

It encompasses 10 disorders or disorder groups: insomnia disorder, hypersomnolence disorder, narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorder, circa din rhythm sleep-wake disorders, non-rapid eye movement (NREM), sleep arousal disorders, restless leg syndrome, and substance/medication-induced sleep disorder. In this article, we would limit our discussion only on Insomnia.

Caution! Energy Drinks Not Safe for Kids

Pathways between stress and disease
I. A predominant complaint of dissatisfaction with sleep quantity and quality, associated with one of the following symptoms:
• Difficulty initiating sleep
• Difficulty maintain sleep, characterized by frequent awakening
• Early – morning awakening with inability to return to sleep.
II. The sleep disturbance clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, educational, academic, behavioural or other important areas of functioning.
III. The sleep difficulty occurs at least 3 nights per week.
IV. The sleep difficulty is present at least for 3 months.
V. The sleep difficulty occurs despite adequate opportunity for sleep.
VI. The insomnia is not better explained by and does not exclusively during the course of another sleep-related disorder.
VII. The insomnia is not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance
VIII. Coexisting mental disorder and medical conditions do not adequately explain the predominant complaints of insomnia.

Different manifestations of insomnia can occur at different times of sleep period. Sleep onset insomnia involves difficulty initiating sleep at bedtimes. Sleep maintenance insomnia refers to frequent or prolonged awakenings throughout the night. Late insomnia involves early – morning awakening with an inability to return to sleep.

Insomnia is related to sleep physiological and cognitive arousal which interferes with sleep. The more an individual strives to sleep, the more frustration builds. The more impairs sleep. It is also associated with other psychological complaints like fatigue, boredom decreased energy and mood disturbances.

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Breast lump? Why you shouldn't panic

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Fri, 02 Feb 2018 06:53:25 +0000

It’s every woman’s greatest fear: Finding a breast lump while showering or doing a monthly breast self-exam. But the truth is, a lot of that fear is unfounded, due to the fact that 80% of all lumps turn out to be benign. Here’s what those lumps really mean. Writes Indu S.

We all know the stats: One in nine women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. For most of us, those numbers make every bump in our breasts a cause for panic. But while a lump should never be ignored, the fact is that the texture and feel of a perfectly healthy breast — whether lumpy or smooth, sore or sensitive — can vary from month to month, woman to woman. So when should a bump evoke concern? Read this B&S advisory article compiled by information from leading doctors in the field.

Why your breasts are lumpy?

Doctors have a scary name for lumpy breasts: Fibrocystic breast disease. But although the word disease may induce panic, doctors reassures that lumpy breasts are common. “Many women experience lumpiness, tenderness or thickening of the breast tissue due to monthly hormonal changes. It’s not unusual.”

In fact, there isn’t even a specific test to diagnose these kinds of lumps. It’s not like having a mammography or biopsy and finding a result. It’s kind of in the fingers of the beholder.

Sussing out the good lump from the bad

If your breasts are on the lumpy side, it can be tough to know what to feel for during those monthly self exams. The good news is that “normal” breast lumps tend to feel distinctive; usually they’re soft, smooth and movable. Cancerous lumps, on the other hand, tend to be hard, rough-edged and immobile.

The best way to keep yourself healthy is to examine your breasts every month so that you’re intimately familiar with their geography — every dip and lump and thickening. The best time to do it is about a week after your period, when breasts tend to be least lumpy. (Breast lumpiness and soreness is most likely to occur the week before a woman’s period and ease up after menstruation begins.)

Once you have a sense of the normal texture of your breasts, it will be easier to figure out when something doesn’t feel right and merits a trip to your doctor.

Lumps and cancer risk: Is there a connection?

The good news is fibrocystic breast condition does not increase your risk of breast cancer. There is no relationship between this condition and breast cancer, claim doctors.

What to do when your breasts hurt

Try taking the Pill. Birth-control pills seem to ease pain and lumpiness for some women. This is probably because they keep a woman’s hormone levels more stable throughout her cycle.

Ditch that skimpy lingerie — at least on top. Some women find that wearing a supportive bra (read: one with underwires) can help ease pain.

Go easy on caffeine — Though studies haven’t proved a connection between lumpiness and caffeine, some doctors recommend that women with monthly breast pain cut back on the coffee.

Your Breast Health

Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women today, and every woman is at risk. Although there is no proven way to prevent the disease, there are ways that each woman can protect her health. Here are steps you can take to maintain good breast health.

Follow an early-detection program:

* Get regular mammograms, beginning at age 40; one every year or as directed by your doctor.

* Have a breast examination by a doctor or nurse, every year, starting at age 20.

* Learn the normal feel of your breasts, and perform monthly self exams. Many women have lumpy breasts, which are usually not cause for concern. However, if you feel a change or a lump that is new, be sure to have it checked by a doctor or nurse right away.

* There are other steps you can take for good breast health. Researchers are continuing to explore the effect that a healthy, active lifestyle can have on reducing breast cancer risk. While it is not yet known whether losing weight will reduce your risk of developing breast cancer, maintaining a lifelong healthy weight is good for your breast health as well as for your heart and bones.

Results of breast cancer research also suggest you should:

* Maintain a diet low in fat; one that includes fruits, vegetables and whole grains. These low-calorie, high-fiber foods have proven health benefits.

* Drink alcohol in moderation, if at all. Regular use of even small amounts of alcohol — whether it is liquor, beer or wine — has been shown to increase breast cancer risk.

* Don’t smoke. Smoking causes cancer, heart disease and many chronic illnesses; it also negatively affects the health of others.

* Exercise regularly. Work out, do aerobics, bike or walk briskly — exercise in some way so as to raise your heart rate — three or more times a week. Several studies have shown that regular vigorous exercise can reduce breast cancer risk.

Reducing your risk: Self examination techniques

Breast cancer cannot be prevented, but it can be detected at an early, treatable stage. Women ages 40 and older should go for regular screening mammograms, a simple procedure that can reveal breast cancer at its earliest stage — up to two years before it can be felt. Annual screening mammography should begin at age 40. And, annual breast examinations by a medical professional are a required complement to screening mammography. Every woman, age 20 and over, should have a clinical breast exam by a doctor or nurse every year.

Many breast irregularities are found by women themselves, yet women often do not know how to perform breast self-examination (BSE), and few do so regularly. Although BSE has never been proven to affect survival (BSE usually finds lumps at a later stage), becoming familiar with your breasts and what feels normal for you is a recommended component of every woman’s breast health program. Your annual exam is a good time to ask your doctor or nurse about how to do a good self-examination every month. Giving yourself a correct and comprehensive breast self-exam is vital to your health.

For Monthly Breast Self-Exams:

* Use the flat part of your fingers of your three middle fingers to feel your breast. Always use your left hand for your right breast and your right hand for your left breast.

* Go from your neck, down under your arm, across and to the bottom of your rib cage and up the breastbone. This area is all breast tissue.

Check for any lumps, hard knots, swelling, dimpling or thickening. Perform your self-exam in front of a mirror and observe for any abnormal change in size, shape, color or discharge.

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InnoHEALTH Volume 2 Issue 4 (October to December 2017) – http://amzn.to/2B2UMLw
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HEALTHCARE: INTERNET OF THINGS PLATFORM

InnoHEALTH Magazine — Wed, 26 Jul 2017 07:40:11 +0000

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HEALTHCARE: Internet of Things Platform
Dr. Avantika Batish is working as Director Strategy and Healthcare at International Health Emergency Learning and Preparedness. Also, guest faculty for MBA (HR) and MBA Healthcare Management at various B-Schools and is a soft skills trainer.

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Loughborough University London has been awarded research funding from the UK-India Education Research Initiative (UKIERI) to build a secure Internet of Things (IoT) platform for use in healthcare. IoT platforms connect devices, allowing them to collect and use data. This three-year UKIERI award, led by Dr Yogachandran Rahulamathavan of the University’s Institute for Digital Technologies (IDT), will enable IoT platforms to be created that interact with people who need round-the-clock assistance, using sensors to measure movement, location and body functions such as breathing, heart rate and blood pressure.

An initial pilot testing phase will see patients in care homes from the states of West Bengal and Odisha in India recruited in order to study chronic diseases, with IoT services tailored to respond to the socio-cultural differences across regions.

The framework will be extended to analyse real-time physiological data from patients equipped with wireless devices whilst travelling in ambulances, before focusing on the development of a secure infrastructure for data collection and an interface which empowers users and protects the privacy of participants. The project is a collaboration between the Institute of Digital Technologies and IIT Kharagpur, supported by City University of London, eSmart Saving Ltd UK and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences.

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Chronic Disease Archives - InnoHEALTH magazine

Health and Oral Health Diseases

About the author

Did you know that one student commits suicide every hour in India?

About the Author

Insomnia – A Short Communication Study

Caution! Energy Drinks Not Safe for Kids

Breast lump? Why you shouldn't panic

It’s every woman’s greatest fear: Finding a breast lump while showering or doing a monthly breast self-exam. But the truth is, a lot of that fear is unfounded, due to the fact that 80% of all lumps turn out to be benign. Here’s what those lumps really mean. Writes Indu S.

Why your breasts are lumpy?

Sussing out the good lump from the bad

Lumps and cancer risk: Is there a connection?

What to do when your breasts hurt

Your Breast Health

Follow an early-detection program:

Results of breast cancer research also suggest you should:

Reducing your risk: Self examination techniques

For Monthly Breast Self-Exams:

HEALTHCARE: INTERNET OF THINGS PLATFORM